Latex copolymer-assisted synthesis of metal-doped TiO 2 mesoporous structures for photocatalytic applications under sola
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Latex copolymer‑assisted synthesis of metal‑doped TiO2 mesoporous structures for photocatalytic applications under solar simulator Wafae Halim1,2 · Sandrine Coste2 · Soukaina Zeroual1 · Abdelhadi Kassiba2 · Said Ouaskit1 Received: 14 November 2019 / Accepted: 20 January 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A novel and facile route was developed using latex copolymer to synthesize pure and metal-doped mesoporous M/TiO 2 (MNPs). The influence of 2.5 mol% metal doping (M = Pd, Ag, Ni and Cu) on the physical features and photocatalytic responses of M/TiO2 was analyzed by complementary characterization methods. XRD and Raman investigations reveal that anatase and brookite structures for the prepared mesoporous nanoparticles (NPs) are being stabilized by suitable annealing at 500 °C for 2 h. A band gap varying between 2.49 and 3.08 eV was calculated using Kubelka Munk model and Tauc plot. The prepared mesoporous materials were found to have approximate sizes between 5 and 20 nm with a specific surface area up to 97.97 m2 g−1. Photocatalytic studies were carried out in model solutions of water and methylene blue (MB) dyes under visible irradiation in the presence of pure and metal-doped mesoporous M/TiO2 (MNPs). The samples show a sequential combination of adsorption and photocatalytic dye degradation process with variable reaction rate constants depending on the doping metallic elements. This manifested itself by a high ability to adsorb methylene blue dye (86% of the initial solution with 2 × 10−5 M, 5 mg of TiO2) and complete photocatalytic degradation after 2 h (98%). In the same reaction conditions, Ag/TiO2 and Ni/TiO2 allowed to mineralize 91% and 88% of the initial concentration MB, respectively, whereas the Cu/ TiO2 can only mineralize 58% of MB.
1 Introduction In the last decade, environmental problems related to water pollution have become a challenging societal task. The solutions require innovative processes such as advanced oxidation for the elimination of organic and biological pollutants commonly encountered in real situations [1–4]. Among the relevant procedures currently used, adsorption, ultrasonic treatment, coagulation, photocatalysis process,
* Wafae Halim Wafae.Halim@univ‑lemans.fr * Abdelhadi Kassiba kassiba@univ‑lemans.fr * Said Ouaskit [email protected] 1
Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, University Hassan II of Casablanca, B.P. 7955 Casablanca, Morocco
Institute of Molecular and Materials of Le Mans – UMR‑CNRS 6283, Le Mans University, 70285 Le Mans, France
2
electrochemical treatment and anodic oxidation are worthy of interest with different efficiency degrees [5–10]. In this context, heterogeneous photocatalysis is one of the most applied techniques for wastewater treatment due to their ability to mineralize organic pollutants. The mechanism is based on the light activation of electron–hole pair formation in the semiconducting media [1, 11]. The evolution of these photogenerated charge carriers to
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