Leishmania and Leishmaniasis
Leishmania-related illnesses remain among the world’s deadliest neglected tropical diseases, affecting approximately 12 million people in 88 countries. The mortality rate is substantial, contributing to nearly two million disability-adjusted life ye
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Awanish Kumar
Leishmania and Leishmaniasis
SpringerBriefs in Immunology
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/10916
Awanish Kumar
Leishmania and Leishmaniasis
Awanish Kumar School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal University New Delhi, India
ISSN 2194-2773 ISSN 2194-2781 (electronic) ISBN 978-1-4614-8868-2 ISBN 978-1-4614-8869-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8869-9 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013946651 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
This book provides substantial knowledge in sequence on the protozoan parasite Leishmania and disease globally caused by this parasite known as Leishmaniasis. The life cycle of leishmania is digenetic with vertebrates as definitive host and Phlebotamine sand fly as intermediate one. Over 350 million people are at risk of Leishmania infection, and at least 500,000 new cases of VL and 1.5 million cases of CL with severe morbidity are reported yearly. The rise of leishmaniasis is due to multiple factors including the AIDS epidemic, increase of international travel, lack of effective vaccines, difficulties in controlling vectors, international conflicts, and the development of resistance to che
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