A review on biohydrogen production through photo-fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass
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REVIEW ARTICLE
A review on biohydrogen production through photo-fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass C. N. C. Hitam 1 & A. A. Jalil 1,2 Received: 21 August 2020 / Revised: 2 November 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Photo-fermentation biohydrogen production is an eye-catching and environmentally friendly route that can be excellently performed at ambient conditions. Nevertheless, light conversion efficacy and photo-fermentation hydrogen production performance are still low, and hence, numerous approaches are explored to enhance biohydrogen production. This review is intended at describing comprehensive characteristics and general mechanism of photo-fermentation biohydrogen production and highlights the advantages of this approach over other methods. Moreover, various pretreatment procedures of potential lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for enhanced photo-fermentation biohydrogen production including physical, chemical, physical-chemical, and biological methods were elaborated thoroughly. Several crucial factors affecting photo-fermentation biohydrogen production such as the impact of pH, mixing, stirring, and lighting conditions, substrate concentration, different pretreatment conditions, and diverse fermentation modes were also discussed comprehensively. This aims to emphasize the recent advances in this field for further enhancement of biohydrogen production via photo-fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass. Additionally, the major challenge and prospects are also included to uncover the unexplored criteria of an effective and greener photo-fermentation biohydrogen production. Keywords Biohydrogen production . Photo-fermentation . Lignocellulosic biomass . Eye-catching . Light conversion
1 Introduction Nowadays, certifying energy safety is a crucial task for economic and political asset in the world. The increasing worldwide populations and demands of energy have resulted in a speedy rise in fossil fuel consumption [1]. It is well noted that other than the depleting source problem of fossil fuel, its widespread use has also led to global warming and the greenhouse effect due to the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O, which could simultaneously affect human health and damage the ecosystem [2]. The upsurges of these greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere have also led to climate change, increased surface temperatures, and thermal expansion of the
* A. A. Jalil [email protected] 1
School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
2
Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
seawater, thus raising the sea level, as well as the melting of glaciers and ice sheets [3]. However, the global reliance on these conventional energy sources of fuel for energy production is at a crucial level nowadays. In this respect, the search for alternative clean renewable sources of energy is
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