Long-term effect of composted tannery sludge on soil chemical and biological parameters
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Long-term effect of composted tannery sludge on soil chemical and biological parameters Ademir Sergio Ferreira Araujo 1 & Wanderley José de Melo 2,3 & Fabio Fernando Araujo 4 & Paul J. Van den Brink 5,6 Received: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Composting has been recommended as a suitable alternative for recycling wastes and could improve tannery sludge (TS) before its use. However, the long-term application of composted tannery sludge (CTS) may bring concerns about its effects on soil properties and, consequently, on plants and environment, mainly when considering Cr contamination. In this study, we summarize the responses of soil chemical and biological parameters in a 10-year study with yearly applications of CTS. Chemical and biological parameters were assessed in soil samples, and the multivariate analysis method principal response curve (PRC) was used to show the temporal changes in all the biological and chemical properties caused by CTS. The PRC analysis showed different long-term response patterns of chemical and biological parameters according to the rates of CTS. Interestingly, Cr content increased strongly in the first 5 years and only increased slightly in the following 5 years. The yearly applications of CTS changed the biological and chemical parameters of the soil, negatively and positively, respectively. Organic matter, K and P, increased during the 10 years of application, while soil pH and Cr concentration increased, and soil microbial biomass and enzymes activity decreased. Keywords Industrial waste . Soil quality . Metals . Environmental contamination
Introduction The agricultural use of municipal and industrial wastes, as a potential possibility for recycling, has increased Responsible Editor: Kitae Baek Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10173-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ademir Sergio Ferreira Araujo [email protected] 1
Soil Quality Lab., Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
2
School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
3
University of Brazil, Campus Descalvado, Hilário da Silva Passos Avenue, 950, University Park, Descalvado, SP, Brazil
4
University of West São Paulo, UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
5
Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
6
Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
worldwide. For instance, municipal wastes are already recommended to be used as fertilizers in agricultural soils (Romanos et al. 2019; Kicińska et al. 2019). However, industrial wastes present some restriction for agricultural uses, mainly due to their chemical composition including some toxic metals (Miranda et al. 2019). Particularly, tannery sludge (TS), a waste generated by
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