Lupus animal models and neuropsychiatric implications
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Lupus animal models and neuropsychiatric implications Thaís Evelyn Karnopp 1,2,3 & Gustavo Flores Chapacais 1,3,4 Odirlei André Monticielo 1,2,3
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Eduarda Correa Freitas 1,3
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Received: 2 September 2020 / Revised: 29 October 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 # International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) 2020
Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that involves neurological complications is known as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Research in humans is difficult due to the disease’s great heterogeneity. Animal models are a resource for new discoveries. In this review, we examine experimental models of lupus that present neuropsychiatric manifestations. Spontaneous animal models such as NZB/W F1 and MRL/lpr are commonly used in NPSLE research; these models present few SLE symptoms compared to induced animal models, such as pristane-induced lupus (PIL). The PIL model is known to present eight of the main clinical and laboratory manifestations of SLE described by the American College of Rheumatology. Many cytokines associated with NPSLE are expressed in the PIL model, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN. However, to date, NPSLE manifestations have been poorly studied in the PIL model. In this review article, we discuss whether the PIL model can mimic neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE. Key Points • PIL model have a strong interferon signature. • Animals with PIL express learning and memory deficit.
Keywords Animal models . Neuropsychiatric lupus . Pristane-induced lupus . Systemic lupus erythematosus
Introduction Although interesting researches on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been published, many points remain unclear about the exact physiopathological mechanisms that contribute to the development of the disease [1]. SLE is a chronic * Thaís Evelyn Karnopp [email protected] 1
Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, sala 12109, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
2
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
3
Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
4
Curso de Graduação em Biomedicina, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
autoimmune disease characterized by the overproduction of antinuclear autoantibodies, which results in the formation of immune complexes that induce tissue inflammation and destruction in multiple organs and tissue types. The nervous system may be affected, which is associated with a worse prognosis and more cumulative damage in patients [2]. The pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) has not yet been well characterized, but it is believed that important factors are the B cell–mediated damage and physiological, pathological, o
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