Mace-like carbon fibers@Fe 3 O 4 @carbon composites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Mace-like carbon fibers@Fe3O4@carbon composites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries Shaowei Yao 1,2 & Guifang Zhang 1 & Xingxiang Zhang 1 & Zhiqiang Shi 1 Received: 30 May 2020 / Revised: 9 August 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Mace-like carbon fibers@Fe3O4@carbon (CF@Fe3O4@C) composites were designed and synthesized via an in situ growth and carbon coating approach with heat treatment. In comparison with CF, Fe2O3, and CF@Fe2O3, CF@Fe3O4@C composites exhibit higher electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), owing to the unique mace-like ordered structure. Mace-like CF@Fe3O4@C composites deliver a high discharge/charge specific capacities of 1368/940 mAh g−1 at the first cycle and 741/740 mAh g−1 at the 100th cycles at 100 mA g−1 in the range of 0.01~2.5 V. The specific discharge capacity can still retain 503 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 500 mA g−1. The outstanding electrochemical performance can be attributed to that carbon fibers and carbon coating improve the electrical conductivity of iron oxides and the carbon-coated layer avoids the specific capacity fading caused by volume expansion of iron oxides during charging/discharging. It provides a novel structural design strategy and an effective synthesis method of anode material for high-energy lithium-ion battery. Keywords Iron oxide . Carbon fibers . Carbon coating . Lithium-ion batteries
Introduction Lithium-ion batteries have the characteristics of high specific energy, high specific power, high open-circuit voltage, stable discharge, large working range, and long service life [1]. As LIBs are being more and more widely used, it becomes inseparable from our life [2, 3]. Scientists hope to develop LIBs with higher capacity, longer cycle stability, lower cost, and greater safety. Therefore, it is important to develop electrode materials with better performance. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, Tarascon’s [4] group first discovered the potential of transition metal oxides (TMOs) as anode materials for LIBs. Iron oxides have been * Guifang Zhang [email protected] * Zhiqiang Shi [email protected] 1
Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
2
Key Laboratory of Inorganic Material of Hebei Province, College of Material Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
widely studied as anode materials, because of rich resources, no pollution to the environment, and especially relatively high specific capacity (α-Fe2O3 is 1007 mAh g−1, Fe3O4 is 926 mAh g−1). But there are two shortcomings: one is poor conductivity and the other one is large volume changes during charge/discharge cycles leading to fast capacity fading. The αFe2O3-CNTs architectures synthesized by the hydrothermal meth
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