Ordered porous structure of nitrogen-self-doped carbon supporting Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles as anode for improving cycle st
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Ming Jiang School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People’s Republic of China
Shan Wang and Bin Liu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
Dong Fang and Jing Huang School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People’s Republic of China
Qing Wang Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
Lijie Dong and Chuanxi Xionga) State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China (Received 12 June 2017; accepted 20 July 2017)
A facile synthesis procedure of nitrogen-self-doped porous carbon (NPC) derived from abundant natural biological materials has been presented. The pyrolysis temperature and the weight ratio of Co3O4 to carbon play a key role in determining microscopic structure and electrochemical performances of the final materials. The ordered mesostructures with nanopores in the channel walls provided support for immobilization of well-dispersed Co3O4 nanoparticles. They also served as a highly conductive substrate for effectively alleviating severe particle aggregation during the charge/discharge processes, which prevented capacity fading from deteriorated electric contact between the components. Taking advantage of the interconnected porous structures and high specific surface area (1799 m2/g) of carbon substrate, the Co3O4/NPC composite as anode in lithium-ion battery delivers a stable reversible capacity of 903 mA h/g after 400 cycles. It is expected that by loading other electrode active materials on such carbon material, the manufacture of the promising anode materials with excellent cycle stability is highly possible.
I. INTRODUCTION
The increasing demand for various electric vehicles and modern electronics in energy storage accelerates the development of lithium ion batteries (LIBs), featuring high power densities, low cost, and long lifetimes.1–4 Nano-sized metal oxides have been considered as a significant family of high-power anode materials for LIBs owing to their high theoretical specific capacity (e.g., 890 mA/g of cobalt oxide), as well as their diverse Contributing Editor: Tianyu Liu a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2017.329
chemical and physical properties.5–7 However, the practical utilization of metal oxides as anode is still hindered because of the low intrinsic electric conductivity and severe volume change and complex phase transformations during Li1 insertion/extraction process, which lead to poor cycling performance. Intense efforts need to be devoted to exploring alternative carbon materials with enhanced Li1 storage capacity as the substrate for loading metal
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