Magnetic Resonance of Mouse Models of Cardiac Disease
In recent years magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the noninvasive standard for the quantitative evaluation of cardiac function, masses, and infarct size. Wall motion analysis is used to display myocardial dysfunction and microcirculatory deficit
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1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Technical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Cine MRI – Volumes and Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Wall Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Perfusion MRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Vascular Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract In recent years magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the noninvasive standard for the quantitative evaluation of cardiac function, masses, and infarct size. Wall motion analysis is used to display myocardial dysfunction and microcirculatory deficits can be displayed by perfusion imaging and quantification of the myocardial regional blood volume. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) also provides quantitative information on cardiac energetics and, in combination with MRI, insights into cardiac structure and function. The use of both techniques permits complementary data collection within the same experimental setup. Nevertheless, it should be mentioned that MR does not directly visualize genes or gene product expression but morphological or bioenergetical outcomes of gene expression instead. In conclusion, cardiac MR is a valuable tool applicable to mouse phenotyping and, also, can be applied to assess the effects of therapeutic agents. Thus, MR of mouse models of cardiac disease has great potential to substantially contribute to the understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms and can help to evaluate new therapy options.
Karl-Heinz Hiller Physikalisches Institut, Universit¨at W¨urzburg, 97074 W¨urzburg, Germany; MRB Research Center of Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 W¨urzburg, Germany [email protected] W. Semmler and M. Schwaiger (eds.), Molecular Imaging II. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 185/II. c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008
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1 Introduction In recent years magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an attractive noninvasive imaging modality for experimental animal research. Animal models offer the opportunity to investigate both pathophysiological questions and drug development. The understanding of the mammalian genome allows for the increased generation of animal models for studying cardiovascular development, changes and function. B
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