Marine collagen scaffolds and photobiomodulation on bone healing process in a model of calvaria defects
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Marine collagen scaffolds and photobiomodulation on bone healing process in a model of calvaria defects M. A. Cruz1 · K. R. Fernandes1 · J. R. Parisi2 · G. C. A. Vale1 · S. R. A. Junior1 · F. R. Freitas1 · A. F. S. Sales1 · C. A. Fortulan2 · O. Peitl2 · E. Zanotto2 · R. N. Granito1 · A. M. Ribeiro1 · A. C. M. Renno1 Received: 2 December 2019 / Accepted: 23 March 2020 © The Japanese Society Bone and Mineral Research and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Introduction Collagen from marine esponges has been used as a promising material for tissue engineering proposals. Similarly, photobiomodulation (PBM) is able of modulating inflammatory processes after an injury, accelerating soft and hard tissue healing and stimulating neoangiogenesis. However, the effects of the associated treatments on bone tissue healing have not been studied yet. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the biological temporal modifications (using two experimental periods) of marine sponge collagen or sponging (SPG) based scaffold and PBM on newly formed bone using a calvaria bone defect model. Material and Methods Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: SPG or SPG/PBM and euthanized into two different experimental periods (15 and 45 days post-surgery). A cranial critical bone defect was used to evaluate the effects of the treatments. Histology, histomorfometry and immunohistological analysis were performed. Results Histological findings demonstrated that SPG/PBM-treated animals, 45 days post-surgery, demonstrated a higher amount of connective and newly formed bone tissue at the region of the defect compared to CG. Notwithstanding, no difference among groups were observed in the histomorphometry. Interestingly, for both anti-transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunostaining, higher values for SPG/PBM, at 45 days post-surgery could be observed. Conclusion It can be concluded that the associated treatment can be considered as a promising therapeutical intervention. Keywords Bone healing · Marine sponges · Collagen · Biomaterials · Histomorphometry · Photobiomodulation
Introduction The use of collagen-based biomaterials in the field of tissue engineering applications has been intensively growing over the past decades [1, 2]. Based on its biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and mechanical properties, collagenderived grafts are extremely suitable can be used as bone grafts for stimulating healing, as carriers for drug delivery, as bone substitutes, antithrombogenic surfaces and immobilization of therapeutic enzymes [3–5].
* M. A. Cruz [email protected] 1
Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
Department of Fisiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
2
Collagen can be extracted from various sources but the most common are the ones from bovine and porcine skin and bones [3, 4]. However, they have been considered a great pathological risk f
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