Biocomposites based on collagen and phosphorylated dextran for bone regeneration
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M. Suflet and G.C. Chitanub)
Laboratory of Bioactive and Biocompatible Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi 700487, Romania
P. Budrugeac Laboratory of Determination of Thermal Behaviour of the Solid Products and Materials by Thermal Analysis Methods, National Institute for Research and Development for Electrical Engineering (INCDIE ICPE-CA), Bucharest 030138, Romania
I. Titorencu Department of Stem Cell Research and In Vitro Models, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest 050568, Romania (Received 22 August 2011; accepted 17 January 2012)
The aim of this study was the development of biocomposite scaffolds (membranes and matrices) based on natural polymers used for bone tissue engineering. The novelty featured in this paper is the use of phosphorylated dextran (PDex) as natural component in collagen-based biocomposites. The PDex both in acid form and as mixed salts of Mg–Na, Zn–Na, Ca-Na was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, potentiometric and conductometric titration and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The biocomposite scaffolds were obtained by freeze-drying as matrices and by free-drying as membranes with specific microporous morphological structures that depended on drying process of collagen gels with PDex. The biocomposites were physical–chemical characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and, water and water vapor absorption. The biocompatibility was evaluated in vitro with human osteosarcoma MG 63 cell lines. The results showed that biocompatibility was improved by the use of PDex as mixed salts of Mg–Na, Zn–Na, Ca-Na in collagen biocomposites.
I. INTRODUCTION
Natural polysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, proteoglycans, etc. are involved in the biosynthesis of different fibrillar and non fibrillar collagen isotypes, which forms the basic component of a certain type of connective tissue.1 These polysaccharides are difficult to extract and purify from animal tissues and consequently more expensive. That is why their replacement with vegetable and/or microbial polysaccharides or their derivatives (chitin, chitosan, cellulose, dextran, etc.) is studied. Chemical derivatization of polysaccharides has a decisive effect on their macroscopic properties, such as solubility, stability, and viscosity characteristics. If the functionalization leads to polysaccharide derivatives bear-
a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] b) In memory of Dr. Gabrielle Charlotte Chitanu 1948—2010 DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2012.21 1086
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 27, No. 7, Apr 14, 2012
ing ionic or ionizable groups, they will behave as polyelectrolytes. The polyelectrolytes with phosphoric groups have become a hot topic due to their important potential use in the biomedical field. Thus, some of the sulfated polysaccharides, dideoxynucleoside analogs and derivatives of purines with phosphoryl groups have been investigated
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