Materials Developments Resonate Through 1994 MRS Spring Meeting
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7994 MRS Spring Meeting Chairs (left to right): Al Hurd, Sandia National Laboratories; Jim Harper, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center; and Jim Mark, University of Cincinnati.
cussion addressed this problem, but left many open questions. Manufacturing challenges relating to reliability of integrated circuits and interconnect metallization were addressed and alternative technologies were considered. The industry is trying to simplify structure and processing, for example by reducing the number of processing steps for Al-based interconnects. Other researchers are developing copper technology to meet demands of electromigration resistance for ever smaller interconnects. Wide bandgap semiconductors are offering short wavelength optoelectronics (including the elusive blue laser) and electronics operation at high temperatures and high power. In situ and realtime monitoring, particularly of molecular beam epitaxy, promise better control of compound semiconductor growth. "Epi films get all the glory, but polycrystalline films do all the work," declared one researcher, but polycrystalline films did receive more visible attention at this meeting than in previous ones in a symposium specifically addressing polycrystalline films. Topics included microstructure evolution, nanocrystalline structures, structure/property links, grain growth, diffusion, and nucleation. Two symposia covered materials solutions to environmental problems, such as controlling car exhaust emissions and
recycling. Advanced ceramic materials are being developed to improve energy efficiency in extreme environments, while recovered rubber is turning up in pavement material. Microwave processing continues to build momentum, with participants in the symposium on this topic discussing whether microwave processing is an emerging technology. National Research Council findings in evaluating microwave processing were presented. Other topics included microwave vulcanization—one of the most successful uses of microwaves for processing—remediation of hazardous waste, and transferring technology, such as radar, from military to consumer sectors. Self-assembly, a new concept in materials science but the rule in biology, was a part of Symposium V, Molecularly Designed Ultrafine/Nanostructured Materials. Self-assembly enables fabrication of defect-free structures not possible in other ways. Vesicles for drug delivery and other uses were demonstrated. Other symposia covered ceramics, superconductors, intermetallic matrix composites, and materials for separation technology. For highlights of the symposia, read the summaries on the following pages. More detailed information is available in the published proceedings.
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Panel Addresses Environmental Imp
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