Mechanical characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells under impact of silica-based nanoparticles
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NANO EXPRESS
Open Access
Mechanical characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells under impact of silica-based nanoparticles Irina V Ogneva1,2*, Sergey V Buravkov3, Alexander N Shubenkov1 and Ludmila B Buravkova1,3
Abstract Silica-based nanoparticles (NPs) pose great potential for medical and biological applications; however, their interactions with living cells have not been investigated in full. The objective of this study was to analyze the mechanical characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells when cultured in the presence of silica (Si) and silica-boron (SiB) nanoparticles. Cell stiffness was measured using atomic force microscopy; F-actin structure was evaluated using TRITC-phalloidin by confocal microscopy. The obtained data suggested that the cell stiffness increased within the following line: ‘Control’ - ‘Si’ - ‘SiB’ (either after 1-h cultivation or 24-h incubation). Moreover, the cell stiffness was found to be higher after 1-h cultivation as compared to 24-h cultivation. This result shows that there is a two-phase process of particle diffusion into cells and that the particles interact directly with the membrane and, further, with the submembranous cytoskeleton. Conversely, the intensity of phalloidin fluorescence dropped within the same line: Control - Si - SiB. It could be suggested that the effects of silica-based particles may result in structural reorganization of cortical cytoskeleton with subsequent stiffness increase and concomitant F-actin content decrease (for example, in recruitment of additional actin-binding proteins within membrane and regrouping of actin filaments). Keywords: Cell stiffness; Actin cytoskeleton; Cytotoxicity
Background Nanoparticles (NPs), based on pure crystalline silica (Si), are capable of fluorescence detection, which makes them applicable as a biological probe [1]. Their high biocompatibility allows these particles to be considered as candidates for providing direct drug delivery [2]. The boron-doped silica NPs are of special interest, as they can be used for boron neutron capture therapy in the treatment of a number of oncological diseases. However, interactions between NPs and cells (particularly with progenitor cells) have not been elucidated yet. Pi et al. [3] investigated the impact of selenium NPs on the biomechanical properties and F-actin structure of MCF-7 cells, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal microscopy. The results indicated that adhesion force and Young's modulus, as well as F-actin fluorescence, * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Molecular and Cell Biomedicine, State Scientific Center of Russian Federation Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoyoe shosse, 76a, Moscow 123007, Russia 2 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
significantly decreased after these cells had been cultured in the presence of selenium NPs (at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 μg/mL) for 24 h. Similar results
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