Melatonin Attenuates Peroxynitrite-Induced Meiosis Dysfunction in Porcine Oocytes
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REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Melatonin Attenuates Peroxynitrite-Induced Meiosis Dysfunction in Porcine Oocytes Yan Cao 1 & Rongyang Li 1 & Weijian Li 1 & Honglin Liu 1 & Yafei Cai 1 Received: 10 August 2020 / Accepted: 20 September 2020 # Society for Reproductive Investigation 2020
Abstract A high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is widely considered one of the major causes of oocyte quality decline. Peroxynitrite is known as a powerful oxidant, which could induce multiple physical diseases. Recently, emerging pieces of evidences indicate that melatonin effectively promotes the development of oocytes, although the specific work mechanism remains to be further clarified. In this study, it was shown that peroxynitrite increased the level of ROS in porcine oocytes, which induced the apoptosis of oocytes, thereby leading to the obstruction of spindle assembly, depolymerization of actin, and decrease of polar body expulsion. These negative effects contributed to the failure of meiosis and ultimately blocked the maturation of porcine oocytes. As expected, it was found that melatonin effectively removed the accumulated ROS in oocytes, preventing oocytes from peroxynitrite-induced oocyte maturation failure, which might provide a novel approach to improve female livestock reproduction and cure female infertility in clinical practice. Keywords Melatonin . Peroxynitrite . Meiosis . Porcine oocytes . ROS
Introduction The oocyte quality plays a crucial role in female reproduction and is decisive in assisted reproduction outcomes. ROS is a natural metabolism product in the body, including superoxide (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (·OH), hypochlorous acid, and peroxynitrite (ONOO− ) [1–4]. Excessive level of ROS is believed as a common trigger for poor oocyte quality and poor reproductive outcomes. Peroxynitrite is a powerful oxidant generated in vivo from a rapid non-enzymatic reaction between superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO) [5–7]. Additionally, peroxynitrite is more oxidative than O2- and can mediate stronger oxidative damage. Peroxynitrite exerts its cytotoxic effect mainly by the generation of its decomposition, NO2−/NO3−, the decay of free radicals (carbonate radical/nitrogen dioxide radical) that were produced when peroxynitrite reacts with carbon dioxide and hydronium ion, respectively [7, 8]. The peroxynitrite* Yafei Cai [email protected] 1
Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
derived radicals can further oxidize and/or nitrate many biomolecules, including tyrosine residues [9], thiols [10, 11], DNA [12, 13], and lipid [14, 15]. It was reported that peroxynitrite induces cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases [15]. Besides, P.T. Goud suggested that nitric oxide in follicular fluid was linked with poor oocyte quality and poor reproduction outcome in women with endometriosis [16]. However, the specific molecular mechanism about how peroxynit
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