Meniscus Guide Slot-Die Coating For Roll-to-Roll Perovskite Solar Cells
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.79
Meniscus Guide Slot-Die Coating For Roll-to-Roll Perovskite Solar Cells Daniel Burkitt, Peter Greenwood, Katherine Hooper, David Richards, Vasil Stoichkov, David Beynon, Eifion Jewell,Trystan Watson SPECIFIC, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
Abstract:
Roll-to-roll slot-die coating with a meniscus guide is used to deposit several layers in a P-I-N perovskite solar cell stack, including the perovskite layer. The use of various length meniscus guides as part of the slot-die head allows controlled coating of these layers at a common coating speed. The length of meniscus guide used is optimised and related to the rheology of the coated ink and appropriate choice of meniscus guide length provides a way to avoid flooding of the coated area and improve coating definition. Initial coating trial results suggest the low-flow limit of slot-die coating is still applicable when using a meniscus guide, which is an important and previously unreported observation, application of this theory to meniscus guide coating provides a useful tool for rapidly determining the appropriate coating conditions that can be used as part of a manufacturing process. This is further explored through the deposition of perovskite solar cells by roll-to-roll slot-die coating. The perovskite layer is deposited using a sequential slot-die deposition process using a low toxicity dimethyl sulfoxide ink for the lead iodide layer, it is found that increasing the drying oven temperature and air flow rate can be used to improve the uniformity of the layer but this can also result in deformation of the plastic substrate. Functioning perovskite solar cells are demonstrated using this technique, but a large variation is found between device performances which is attributed to the poor uniformity of the perovskite layer and damage caused to the substrate by excessive heating.
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INTRODUCTION: In recent years, many perovskite materials have been demonstrated to have excellent optoelectronic properties for use in photovoltaics. Methylammonium lead triiodide and related compounds have gained a vast amount of attention due to the high certified power conversion efficiencies achieved [1]. The ability to solution process these materials makes them good candidates for depositing using high throughput roll-to-roll deposition methods. A number of roll-to-roll compatible printing and coating techniques have been demonstrated to be suitable for the deposition of the perovskite layer and other layers in the solar cell device stack, including screen [2.] and ink-jet printing [3.], spray [4.] and blade coating [5.], as well as slot-die coating [6.]. Slot-die coating stands out as particularly versatile and suited to this task due to the pre-metering of
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