Metabolome and transcriptome analyses of the molecular mechanisms of flower color mutation in tobacco
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Metabolome and transcriptome analyses of the molecular mechanisms of flower color mutation in tobacco Fangchan Jiao1,2, Lu Zhao1,2, Xingfu Wu1,2, Zhongbang Song1,2* and Yongping Li1,2*
Abstract Background: Anthocyanins determinate the flower color of many plants. Tobacco is a model plant for studying the molecular regulation of flower coloration. We investigated the mechanism underlying flower coloration in tobacco by profiling flavonoid metabolites,expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic structural genes and their regulator genes in the pink-flowered tobacco cultivar Yunyan 87 and white-flowered Yunyan 87 mutant. Result: Significant down-accumulation of anthocyanins, including cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanin, cyanidin 3-Orutinoside, pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, cyanidin O-syringic acid, pelargonin, and pelargonidin 3-Omalonylhexoside (log2 fold change < − 10), endowed the flower color mutation in Yunyan 87 mutant. Transcriptome analysis showed that the coordinately down-regulated anthocyanin biosynthetic genes including chalcone isomerase, naringenin 3-dioxygenase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-Oglucosyltransferase played critical roles in suppressing the formation of the aforesaid anthocyanins. Several genes encoding MYB and bHLH transcription factors were also found down-regulated, and probably the reason for the suppression of structural genes. Conclusion: This is the first study of tobacco flower coloration combining metabolome and transcriptome analyses, and the results shed a light on the systematic regulation mechanisms of flower coloration in tobacco. The obtained information will aid in developing strategies to modify flower color through genetic transformation. Keywords: Tobacco, Flower coloration, Anthocyanin, Mutation, Gene expression
Background Flower color is a key trait for ornamental plants, and flower coloration has been one of the hotspots in biological studies [1, 2]. Anthocyanins, carotenoids and betalains are the main pigments in plants [3]. Anthocyanins confer all orange, pink, red, purple, blue and blue-black flower colors [4, 5]. Carotenoids confer yellow color while betalains existing exclusively in Caryophyllales, are responsible for the yellow, orange, red and purple colors. In previous studies, anthocyanin contents were regarded as * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
the major factors endowing the flower color as pink or light red in transgenic tobacco [6–10]. The anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways have been characterized extensively in higher plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana [11], Medicago truncatula [12], Fragaria ananasa [13], Vaccinium myrtillus [14], Trifolium repens [15], Antirrhinum majus [16], Vitis vinifera [17, 18], Daucus carota [19], and Zea mays [20]. The conserved structural genes including chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI)
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