Metal-organic framework-based nanocatalytic medicine for chemodynamic therapy
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Published online 13 October 2020 | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-020-1513-8
Metal–organic framework-based nanocatalytic medicine for chemodynamic therapy Shutao Gao
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, Yu Han , Miao Fan , Zhenhua Li , Kun Ge , Xing-Jie Liang and Jinchao Zhang
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging and promising strategy based on the Fenton or Fenton-like reaction in tumors [1–3]. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has the characteristics of low acidity and overexpression of H2O2 [4,5], thus providing favorable conditions for initiating the Fenton or Fenton-like reaction. In CDT, intratumoral H2O2 is decomposed into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) through the Fenton or Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by a metal-based nanocatalyst, which will cause irreversible damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins [6,7]. TME-based CDT can inhibit tumor growth and reduce the side effects on normal tissues. Recently, many nanocatalytic medicines containing metal elements, such as iron oxide nanoparticles, bimetallic alloys, MnO2, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have been developed for improving the CDT efficiency [6]. MOFs are a type of hybrid porous materials composed of metal ions (clusters) with organic linkers through coordination bonds. Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, such as tunable structure, high porosity, and easy functionalization, MOFs have been extensively used for gas storage/separation [8], sensing [9], catalysis [10], and biomedicine [11]. In particular, the development of nanoscale MOFs increases their potential application in biomedicine, including bioimaging, antimicrobial action, antitumor activity, biosensing, and biocatalysis. Note that, in the past few years, the research of MOFs in CDT has rapidly developed (Fig. 1). This is primarily attributed to the intrinsic structural characteristics. For example, the coordination bonds between the metal ions (clusters) and the organic linkers can be easily broken in the acidic
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TME, which releases additional metal ions and provides additional catalysts for CDT [12]. Furthermore, the welldefined pores and excessive porosity enable nanoscale MOFs to act as a carrier for various cargos ranging from diagnostic agents to therapeutic agents. Herein, we highlight the application of MOFs in CDT (Table 1) and hopefully this can promote the development of MOFbased nanocatalytic medicine for CDT. 2+ Fe is a classical Fenton reaction catalyst for the disproportionation of H2O2 to ·OH. CDT efficacy based on the ferrous catalyst is determined by the safe delivery and 2+ controllable release of Fe into the tumor. Owing to its 2+ excellent acid responsive ability, multiple Fe -based MOFs have been developed for CDT. One of the simple and classical designs is from the work reported by RanjiBurachaloo et al. [13]. They developed a folic acid (FA)2+ modified Fe -based MOF (rMOF-FA) by reducing NH2-
Figure 1 The mechanism for application of MOFs in chemodynamic therapy.
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College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China College
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