Micellar electrokinetic chromatography as efficient alternative for the multiresidue determination of seven neonicotinoi
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RESEARCH PAPER
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography as efficient alternative for the multiresidue determination of seven neonicotinoids and 6-chloronicotinic acid in environmental samples Laura Carbonell-Rozas 1 & Francisco J. Lara 1 & Monsalud del Olmo Iruela 1 & Ana M. García-Campaña 1 Received: 18 July 2019 / Revised: 19 September 2019 / Accepted: 22 October 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract A simple, sensitive, and efficient method has been developed for the determination of the seven neonicotinoid insecticides commercially available (imidacloprid, thiacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, and dinotefuran) and the main metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) mode was applied, using 48.5 cm of total length capillary (50 μm i.d.) with an extended light-path capillary (150 μm). The running electrolyte consisted of 25 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 9.2) containing 120 mM of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 15% of methanol (v/v). A voltage of 27 kV and a temperature of 25 °C were applied. Samples dissolved in deionized water were hydrodynamically injected at 50 mbar for 12 s, achieving the analysis in less than 12 min. Diode array detection (DAD) was performed at 220, 254, and 270 nm, depending on the analyte. Two different methodologies as sample treatments were developed; for water samples, solid-phase extraction was checked using different cartridges (C18, Oasis® HLB, Oasis® HLB Prime, and Strata-X), being the best option Oasis® HLB for preconcentration and cleanup. In the case of soil samples, a simple solid–liquid extraction was applied using a mixture of 1:3 (v/v) acetonitrile/dichloromethane. Satisfactory linearity, trueness, and precision were achieved, with detection limits in the range of 0.1–0.4 μg L−1 for river water and 1.0–2.9 μg kg−1 for soil samples. Recoveries in the range of 80–107% for all of the assayed neonicotinoids in water samples of different origin and 73–92% for soil samples were achieved. Keywords Neonicotinoids . Micellar electrokinetic chromatography . Soil . Waters
Introduction Neonicotinoids (NNIs) are a class of insecticides widely used in the last decades to protect plants (i.e., crops, fruits, vegetables), livestock, and also pets from pest insect attack, acting selectively on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the central nervous system (CNS) of insects [1, 2]. The main compounds
Published in the topical collection featuring Female Role Models in Analytical Chemistry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-02233-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ana M. García-Campaña [email protected] 1
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
belonging to this family, available commercially worldwide, are imidacloprid, thiacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, a
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