Microbial Action on Hydrocarbons
The book discusses ways to overcome the side effects of using hydrocarbon-based products as energy sources. Hydrocarbons produce raw crude oil waste of around 600,000 metric tons per annum, with a range of uncertainty of 200,000 metric tons per year. The
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obial Action on Hydrocarbons
Microbial Action on Hydrocarbons
Vivek Kumar • Manoj Kumar • Ram Prasad Editors
Microbial Action on Hydrocarbons
Editors Vivek Kumar Himalayan School of Biosciences Swami Rama Himalayan University Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Manoj Kumar Centre for Life Sciences Central University of Jharkhand Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Ram Prasad Amity Institute of Microbial Technology Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
ISBN 978-981-13-1839-9 ISBN 978-981-13-1840-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1840-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018962265 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Preface
Hydrocarbon-based products are chief source of energy for automobiles, industry, and everyday life. Leakages and unintentional and inadvertent spills occur regularly during the exploration process, production process, refining process, transportation, and stowage of hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon products. The amount of raw crude oil waste was estimated to be around 600,000 metric tons per year with a range of uncertainty of 200,000 metric tons per year. Discharge of petroleum hydrocarbons into the nature whether unintentionally or owing to human activities is a foremost cause of soil, water, and air pollution. Contamination of soil with petroleum hydrocarbons triggers the widespread damage of local ecosystem, since buildup of pollutants in the plants and animals’ tissue may initiate mutations or mortality. Technology usually employed for remediation of soil includes several methods such as mechanical, covering, evaporation, dispersal, and washing. Conversely, these know-hows are n
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