Microbial Source Tracking: Methods, Applications, and Case Studies

Microbial source tracking (MST) is a sub-discipline of environmental microbiology that has emerged and grown in response to the inability of conventional fecal indicator bacteria (such as Escherichia coli and enterococci) to discriminate among the many po

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Charles Hagedorn    Anicet R. Blanch Valerie J. Harwood ●

Editors

Microbial Source Tracking: Methods, Applications, and Case Studies

Editors Charles Hagedorn Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA [email protected]

Valerie J. Harwood Department of Integrative Biology University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620, USA [email protected]

Anicet R. Blanch Department of Microbiology University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain [email protected]

ISBN 978-1-4419-9385-4 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-9386-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9386-1 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011928239 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Contents

  1  Overview................................................................................................... Charles Hagedorn, Valerie J. Harwood, and Anicet R. Blanch

1

  2  Performance Criteria............................................................................... Valerie J. Harwood and Donald M. Stoeckel

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  3  Library-Dependent Source Tracking Methods..................................... Joanna Mott and Amanda Smith

31

  4  Library-Independent Bacterial Source Tracking Methods................. Stefan Wuertz, Dan Wang, Georg H. Reischer, and Andreas H. Farnleitner

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  5  Viruses as Tracers of Fecal Contamination........................................... 113 S.M. McQuaig and R.T. Noble   6  Phage Methods......................................................................................... 137 Juan Jofre, Jill R. Stewart, and Willie Grabow   7  Pathogenic Protozoa................................................................................ 157 Joseph A. Moss and Richard A. Snyder   8  Chemical-Based Fecal Source Tracking Methods................................. 189 Charles Hagedorn and Stephen B. Weisberg   9  Statistical Approaches for Modeling in Microbial Source Tracking........................................................................................ 207 Lluís A. Belanche and Anicet R. Blanch 10  Mitochondrial DNA as Source Tracking Markers of Fecal Contamination..............................................................