Microsatellite primer development for the king ratsnakes Elaphe carinata (Colubridae)
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MICROSATELLITE LETTERS
Microsatellite primer development for the king ratsnakes Elaphe carinata (Colubridae) Yan-Qing Wu • Rong-Fang Wang • Long-Hui Lin Yan-Fu Qu
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Received: 11 September 2013 / Accepted: 23 September 2013 / Published online: 1 October 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract The king ratsnakes (Elaphe carinata) is widespread in south-eastern China, North Vietnam, and Japan (Ryukyu Islands). The snake is listed as a vulnerable species according to the China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals. To develop effective conservation strategies for the snake, we need a better understanding of gene flow, population structure and evolutionary history of this species by using kinds of molecular markers such as mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite loci. Here, we characterize 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from E. carinata genomic libraries. One hundred and thirty-one individuals were collected from three geographically distant populations: Ji’an (Jiangxi, N26°590 3000 , E114°580 5800 ), Quanzhou (Guangxi, N25°440 2000 , E111°60 4800 ), Zhijiang (Hunan, N27°200 3600 , E109°80 4600 ). These markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (6–20 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (HO ranged from 0.326 to 0.894, and HE ranged from 0.542 to 0.918). No locus exhibited significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. There was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium among pairs of loci. These microsatellite markers will be useful for the study of gene flow, population structure and evolutionary history of E. carinata.
Y.-Q. Wu R.-F. Wang Y.-F. Qu (&) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China e-mail: [email protected] L.-H. Lin Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
Keywords Colubridae Snake Elaphe carinata Microsatellites PCR primers Polymorphism
The king ratsnake (Elaphe carinata) is a large-sized oviparous colubrid snake that can be found in a variety of habitats in the hilly countryside in south-eastern China, including Taiwan, northwards to Henan, Shaanxi and Guansu; it also occurs in northern Vietnam and Japan (Ryukyu Island, including the Senkaku Group) (Huang 1998; Qu et al. 2011). The snake has been overexploited by local people for food, and is listed as a vulnerable species according to the China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals (Zhao 1998). Here, 12 species-specific microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in E. carinata to estimate population genetic parameters. One hundred and thirty-one individuals were collected from three geographically distant populations: Ji’an (Jiangxi, N26°590 3000 , E114°580 5800 ), Quanzhou (Guangxi, N25°440 2000 , E111°60 4800 ), Zhijiang (Hunan, N27°200 3600 , E109°80 4600 ). Experimental procedures and results analysis referred to Lin et al. (2011) and Hua et al. (2012). The 12 sequences contain
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