Microstructure and Its Physicochemical Basis for the White Porcelain from Gongyi Kiln of Henan Province in China
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Microstructure and Its Physicochemical Basis for the White Porcelain from Gongyi Kiln of Henan Province in China Weidong Lia,b,∗, Hongjie Luoa,b, Xinmin Sunc, Lanhua Liud, Xiaoke Lua,b, Zhiwen Zhaoc, Musen Guoc a: Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China b: Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Ceramics, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, China c: Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Henan 450000, China d:Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage ABSTRACT Gongyi is the birthplace and one of the most famous production areas of white porcelain in China. In this study, white porcelain samples from the Northern Wei to Tang Dynasties excavated from Baihe and Huangye kiln sites were analyzed to investigate microstructure and its physicochemical basis. The result demonstrates that the formation of an interaction layer of Anorthite crystals and the accompanied phase-separation structure at glaze-body boundary is a common character of microstructure. And there is little probability for crystal precipitation within the glaze layer.
1 Introduction Listed as a National Key Cultural Relics Conservation Unit, Gongyi kiln site covers Baihe kiln site and Huangye kiln site, including a series of porcelain kiln sites along the two sides of the Baihe river, 5km to the east of Gongyi city in Henan province. Gongyi kiln started firing porcelains in the North Dynasty (386-581 A.D.), became prosperous in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.) and declined in the Song and Jin Dynasties (960-1234. A.D.). An archaeological excavation was carried out upon Baihe kiln site in 2005. A ∗
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series of important historical remains were discovered, such as green porcelains, white porcelains, big utensils of tri-colored glazed potteries, and several pieces of blue and white porcelains. Six kilns were also excavated, including one kiln used for firing green porcelains and white porcelains in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534 A.D.). The Northern Wei Dynasty is one of the five periods of the North Dynasty. Baihe is the earliest kiln of white porcelain firing so far we have found. The ceramics world formerly thought that Chinese early white porcelain was represented by the white wares excavated from Fan Cui Tomb in the city of Anyang, Henan Province of the northern Qi Dynasty (550-577 A.D.). The new discovery at Baihe kiln site pushes the start time of white porcelain firing forward to as early as the Northern Wei Dynasty. The great quantities of green porcelains excavated from Baihe kiln site have the same vessel shapes and similar body and glaze compositions with those excavated from Luoyang Han-Wei Capital City which is the capital city of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which implies that the green porcelains used by the Northern Wei imperial household are products of Gongyi kiln. Therefore, Baihe kiln is very likely the Northern Wei imperial kiln—Luo Jing kiln recorded in documents.
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