Mobile System for Air Pollution Evaluation
The paper proposes a mobile measurement system for the real-time monitoring of environmental pollutions in urban areas. The proposed approach is based on the use of a set of vehicles, typically employed for public transportation inside the urban area, equ
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Introduction
In recent years, the pollution monitoring in urban areas has become one of the most critical issues for local public authorities, in order to verify that pollution levels not exceed limits considered unsafe or that are regulated by local laws. Generally, the pollution monitoring is performed by using measurement stations located in few points of the region of interest, since these stations are generally characterized by high costs, weights, and dimensions. Then, the pollution levels over the remaining area are predicted by means of suitable interpolation models. Due to the great variety of urban scenarios, it becomes very difficult to obtain reliable pollution levels in area in which the measurements have not been directly taken but only predicted. Consequently, the pollution monitoring can suffer a lack of reliable information indispensable for the actuation of proper environmental management policies. In this scenario, it becomes of interest to use a number of low-cost measurement system installed on public vehicles in urban service, in order to measure the actual pollution level in all parts of the territory in which these vehicles perform their paths. In this way, a punctual, reliable, and real-time pollution data can be obtained.
A. Bernieri • G. Betta (*) • L. Ferrigno • M. Laracca Department of Electric and Information Engineering, University of Cassino and South Lazio, Cassino, Italy e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 423 C. Di Natale et al. (eds.), Sensors and Microsystems: Proceedings of the 17th National Conference, Brescia, Italy, 5-7 February 2013, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 268, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-00684-0_81, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
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GPS
Odometer
Inertial platform
GPS
P R O B E H E A D
NOx
C
SOx
C
CO
C
C6H6
C
O3
C
WiFi TX/RX DATA CONCENTRATOR
BUS Pole Central Supervisor System
UMTS/GPRS/GSM
Temperature Humidity SENSING CONDITIONING AND ACQUIRING DEVICES
DATA COMMUNICATION MODULES
Mobile Measurement Unit
Fig. 1 Architecture of the proposed system
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The Proposed Measurement System
Thanks to previous experience in the field of wireless measurement systems [1], sensing devices [2–4], wireless sensor networks [5, 6], and uncertainty estimation [7]; in this paper the authors propose an effective mobile measurement system for the real-time monitoring of environmental pollutions in urban areas [8, 9]. Key features of the proposed system are the significant low cost, the high portability of the measurement units, the modularity, and the autonomous power supply. The architecture of the proposed pollution measurement system is shown in Fig. 1. It is constituted by two main classes of devices: • Mobile Measurement Units (MMU): designed to be hosted on board of vehicles as urban service buses or service vehicles of the local authority; these units are equipped with useful sensors to measure the concentration of relevant pollutants (CO, NO2, SO2, O3, C6H6, and so on), a GPS/odometer to determine
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