Metabolic syndrome components moderate the association between executive function and functional connectivity in the def
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Metabolic syndrome components moderate the association between executive function and functional connectivity in the default mode network Janelle T. Foret 1 & Maria Dekhtyar 1 & Alex C. Birdsill 2 & Hirofumi Tanaka 3 & Andreana P. Haley 1,4 Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Middle aged individuals with Metabolic Syndrome are at high risk for cognitive decline. Dyssynchrony in the resting state Default Mode Network is one early indicator of brain vulnerability. We set out to explore the relationship between default mode resting state functional connectivity and cognitive performance in both memory and executive domains at midlife in the presence of Metabolic Syndrome components. Seed-based Correlation Analyses were performed between the seed voxel in the posterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex on 200 participants (ages 40–61). Executive domain scores were significantly predicted by the interaction between number of Metabolic Syndrome components and resting state connectivity in the Default Mode Network (p = .004) such that connectivity was negatively related to executive function at higher numbers of Metabolic Syndrome components. Results were not significant for memory. Our findings indicate that clusters of cardiovascular disease risk factors alter functional relationships in the brain and highlights the need to continue exploring how compensatory techniques might operate to support cognitive performance at midlife. Keywords Neuropsychological assessment . Aging . Cognitive impairment . Metabolic syndrome . Functional connectivity
Introduction Middle-aged individuals often experience changes in brain integrity and cognitive performance that convey risk for late life cognitive decline (Irwin et al. 2018; Rodrigue et al. 2013). One subset of the population at particularly high risk for dementia are individuals with elevated risks of developing cardiovascular disease (Iadecola 2013; Knopman et al. 2018; Launer 2005). Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a wellestablished cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease,
* Andreana P. Haley [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX 78712, USA
2
Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
3
Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
4
Biomedical Imaging Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
the key components of which include abdominal obesity, high triglyceride concentrations, low HDL cholesterol, above normal blood pressure (prehypertension), and above normal blood sugar (prediabetes) (Eckel et al. 2005). A MetS diagnosis requires that an individual meet criteria for 3 of the 5 components. A diagnosis of MetS as well as the individual components of MetS have been associated with negative cognitive consequences, bot
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