Combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungus and composted pig manure on the growth of ryegrass and uptake of Cd an
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungus and composted pig manure on the growth of ryegrass and uptake of Cd and Zn in the soil from an e-waste recycling site Jun Meng 1 & Zhonghua Cui 1 & Henglei Zhang 1 & Jin Zhang 1 & Xianjin Tang 2 & Ming Hung Wong 3 & Shengdao Shan 1 Received: 19 November 2019 / Accepted: 11 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Little attention has been paid to the combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungus and composted manure on heavy metal bioavailability and its uptake by plants grown in heavy metal-contaminated soils from electronic-waste (e-waste) recycling sites. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of AM fungus, composted pig manure (CM) and AM fungus + CM (ACM) on the growth of ryegrass and uptake of Cd and Zn in the soil collected from an e-waste recycling site. The calcium chloride (CaCl2) and Tessier sequential extraction procedure were adopted to evaluate the bioavailability and chemical speciation of Cd and Zn in the soil. Results showed that the application of CM and ACM significantly increased the pH but decreased the CaCl2-extractable Cd and Zn concentrations in the rhizosphere and bulk soils. ACM treatment significantly shifted Cd from exchangeable fraction to other more stable fractions, and transformed the exchangeable Zn fraction to the carbonatebound and reducible iron and manganese-bound fractions. Furthermore, the application of ACM can enhance the growth of plant shoots, and decrease the uptake of Cd and Zn in the ryegrass plants. This work suggests that AM fungus in combination with CM amendment may be a potential method for not only remediation of soil Cd and Zn pollution, but also reduction of Cd and Zn uptake by ryegrass grown in the soil from e-waste recycling sites. Keywords Funneliformis mosseae . Lolium perenne . E-waste . Remediation . Heavy metal . Sequential extraction
Introduction E-waste, or waste generated from electrical and electronic waste products, is considered one of the fastest growing Responsible editor: Elena Maestri Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11215-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xianjin Tang [email protected] 1
Institute of Eco-environmental Research, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
2
College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
3
Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research, Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
categories of waste on earth, increasing at a rate of 3–5% per year and 44.7 million tonnes of e-waste were generated in the world in 2016 (Ilankoon et al. 2018). It is alleged that most of the global e-waste has been shipped from developed countries to developing countries, particu
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