Modification of polystyrene maleic anhydride for efficient energy storage applications
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Modification of polystyrene maleic anhydride for efficient energy storage applications Sohini Chakraborty 1 & Remya Simon 1 & N. L. Mary 1 Received: 27 May 2020 / Revised: 22 July 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The development of new energy storage devices has been gaining momentum in the wake of the energy crisis faced worldwide. New materials have been tried and tested and efforts have been made to implement these materials to the commercial arena. Conducting polymers have been used and new polymeric structures have been designed in this respect. Here, we have modified styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer with two different moieties, i.e. 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT) and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) with an aim to study their electrochemical characteristics in details. The modifications were expected to greatly improve the electrochemical performance of an otherwise feebly conducting polymer. Both the modified copolymers were characterised using UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopic techniques and scanning electron microscopy. Their electrochemical properties were studied using cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and AC impedance techniques. These materials exhibited a significant enhancement in their specific capacitance when compared with SMA. SMA represents a specific capacitance of 24.5 F gā1 whereas AMT-modified copolymer SMA-1 exhibited a specific capacitance of 149 F gā1 and DDMmodified copolymer SMA-2 exhibited a specific capacitance of 124.45 F gā1. Thus, the results clearly indicated a considerable increase in the values of capacitance of SMA after the modification was performed. Keywords Copolymer . Specific capacitance . Electrochemical properties . Modification
Introduction Energy harvesting and its efficient storage are an important aspect in the present-day scenario of rapid depletion of existing sources of energy coupled with the need to develop novel electrochemical energy storage technologies. Supercapacitors are imperative in this respect as they provide a long life span with a very high power density and swift charging/discharging rates. By the optimization of active material on the electrode surface and interfacial interactions between the electrode-electrolyte interfaces, the performance of the device can be greatly enhanced [1]. Electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) which utilise ion adsorption mechanisms for charge transport have been extensively studied for energy storage applications [2]. Psuedocapacitive materials provide the advantage of storing higher capacitance per gramme when
* N. L. Mary [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 086, India
compared with EDLCs although they have sluggish kinetics and lower cycling stability [3ā10]. The combination of the non-faradaic double-layer capacitance and the faradaic redox charge transfer arising from the large specific capacity of metal oxides or p
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