Effect of maleic anhydride and oxygen functionalized carbon nanotube on polyamide 6 and polypropylene blend properties
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Effect of maleic anhydride and oxygen functionalized carbon nanotube on polyamide 6 and polypropylene blend properties Janara A. Rocha1 · Teresa T. Steffen1 · Luis C. Fontana1 · Daniela Becker1 Received: 16 June 2020 / Revised: 18 September 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This work aims to investigate how adding functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to a Polyamide 6/polypropylene blend influences its properties. CNT functionalization was carried on through plasma with oxygen (CNT_O2) or maleic anhydride (CNT_MA). CNT_O2 presented the highest amount of oxygen, but, as the treatment time in plasma was twice as long as that of the CNT_MA sample, the oxygenated groups, for the most part, tended to formed lactones. On the other hand, plasma treatment with maleic anhydride was more efficient to insert carboxylic groups onto the CNT surface. Adding non-functionalized CNT in the blend, an elongation of PP phase was observed. In the functionalized CNT nanocomposites, a significant decrease in phase size was observed. No improvement in adhesion between phases was observed. Crystallinity degree decreased when non-functionalized CNT was added and increased with functionalized CNT. Despite the greater interaction between amorphous and crystalline regions observed in nanocomposites with C NT_ O2, the highest values of storage module came from CNT_MA nanocomposite. The COOH groups on the CNT surface reacted with the polyamide, improving tension transfer between phases and leading to a better performance in blend mechanical properties. Keywords Carbon nanotube · Functionalization · Plasma · Maleic anhydride · Polyamide
* Daniela Becker [email protected] 1
Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catariana (UDESC), Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Polymer Bulletin
Introduction Polyamide 6/polypropylene (PA6/PP) blends have been catching attention in the last few years since they combine the PA6 thermomechanical properties with the PP easy processing [1, 2]. Due to its low cost and good mechanical resistance, the PA6/PP blend is indicated as an alternative in packaging and automotive parts production [3]. However, being an immiscible blend, compatibilizing agents are needed to improve properties and performance. Polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) is the most studied compatibilizing agent, improving phase adhesion and blend properties [1, 4, 5]. Compatibilization based in MA is often used as compatibilizers in blends with polyamide (PA) because of the high probability of chemical reaction between MA functional unities and the amine end groups of PA during melt blending [6, 7]. More than compatibilizing agents, nanoparticles can also be used as a third component in a polymeric blend, changing the immiscible polymer phase morphology [8]. Indeed, there are studies showing that adding nanoparticles to blend systems has similar results to those of adding compatibilizing agents, modi
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