Bioactive Nanocomposite Film Based on Cassava Starch/Polyvinyl Alcohol Containing Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Bioactive Nanocomposite Film Based on Cassava Starch/Polyvinyl Alcohol Containing Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Natwat Srikhao1 · Pornnapa Kasemsiri1 · Artjima Ounkaew1 · Narubeth Lorwanishpaisarn1 · Manunya Okhawilai2 · Uraiwan Pongsa3 · Salim Hiziroglu4 · Prinya Chindaprasirt5 Accepted: 28 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The bioactive packaging polyvinyl alcohol PVA/starch (PSt) films were prepared by incorporating green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The effect of oregano essential oil (OEO) content on the green synthesis of AgNPs in PSt film was studied. The PSt-AgNPs containing 5 wt% OEO showed minimum inhibitory concentration against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A synergistic effect on antibacterial activity with PSt incorporated AgNPs and OEO was achieved. The use of OEO content in this work was the lowest when compared to other bioactive containing OEO. The improvements of water resistance were also observed. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of film increased 80.9% and 88.6%, respectively. The releases of silver ion of PSt-AgNPs containing 5 wt% OEO in different foods were 9.31% for deionized water, 7.48% for ethanol and 24.51% for acetic acid. These values were lower than the requirements of European Standard EN 1186-1:2002. The incorporation of green synthesized AgNPs using OEO and PSt thus improved the bioactive nanocomposite film performance for food packaging applications. Keywords Nanocomposite film · Essential oil · Silver nanoparticles · Antibacterial activity
Introduction Packaging based biopolymer is considered a potential alternative to replace the non-biodegradable petroleum-based synthetic polymers [1, 2]. Among biopolymers, starch is widely used in biodegradable packaging due to its abundant * Pornnapa Kasemsiri [email protected] 1
Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
2
Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
3
Division of Industrial Engineering Technology, Faculty of Industry and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Wang Klai Kang Won Campus, Prachuap Khiri Khan 77110, Thailand
4
Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
5
Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
availability in natural resource, non-toxic and biodegradability [3]. Unfortunately, starch film still has some limitations viz., difficulty in processing, brittleness, and poor water resistance [4]. In order to overcome these limitations, starch needs to be blended with other biodegradable polymers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is generally used to blend with starch in
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