Modulation of growth and key physiobiochemical attributes after foliar application of zinc sulphate (ZnSO 4 ) on wheat (
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Modulation of growth and key physiobiochemical attributes after foliar application of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under cadmium (Cd) stress Shagufta Perveen1 • Muhammad Saeed1 • Abida Parveen1 • Muhammad Tariq Javed1 Sara Zafar1 • Naeem Iqbal1
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Received: 8 April 2020 / Revised: 21 July 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 Ó Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2020
Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to examine the effect of foliar application of various levels of ZnSO4 on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under cadmium (Cd) stress. Seeds of two wheat varieties i.e., Ujala-2016 and Anaj2017 were sown in sand filled plastic pots. Cadmium (CdCl2) stress i.e., 0 and 0.5 mM CdCl2 was applied in full strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution after 4 weeks of seed germination. Foliar spray of varying ZnSO4 levels i.e., 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM was applied after 2 weeks of CdCl2 stress induction (of 6 week old plants). After 3 weeks of foliar treatment leaf samples of 9 week old wheat plants were collected for the determination of changes in various growth and physiobiochemical attributes. Results obtained showed that cadmium stress (0.5 mM CdCl2) significantly decreased shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths, yield attributes, chlorophyll a contents and total phenolics, while increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble proteins, free proline, glycinebetaine (GB) contents, and activities of antioxidant enzymes i.e., catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD). Foliar application of varying ZnSO4 levels significantly increased various growth attributes, chlorophyll b contents, H2O2, free proline, GB and activities of antioxidant enzymes i.e., CAT, POD and APX, while decreased relative water contents and total phenolics under Cd stress or non stress conditions. Furthermore, both wheat varieties showed differential response under Cd stress and towards foliar application of ZnSO4 e.g., wheat var. Ujala-2016 was higher in shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh and dry & Shagufta Perveen [email protected] 1
Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
weights, total leaf area per plant, 100 grains weight, number of tillers per plant, chlorophyll b, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), activities of APX, POD, glycinebetaine and leaf free proline contents, while var. Anaj-2017 exhibited high shoot fresh weight, grain yield per plant, no. of grains per plant, chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll a/b ratio, total phenolics, MDA and total soluble protein contents under cadmium stress or non stress conditions. Keywords Antioxidant enzymes Cadmium stress Glycinebetaine Soluble proteins Wheat plants
Introduction Increased industrialization results in high heavy metal pollution level in environment that caused serious threat to human health and damages to agriculture (Fasahat 2015; Ghosh and Roy 2019). Cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic heavy metals in soil that exerts adverse effects on growth and yield
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