Disentangling invasions in the sea: molecular analysis of a global polychaete species complex (Annelida: Spionidae: Pseu
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Disentangling invasions in the sea: molecular analysis of a global polychaete species complex (Annelida: Spionidae: Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata) Vasily I. Radashevsky . Vasily V. Malyar . Victoria V. Pankova Maria Cristina Gambi . Adriana Giangrande . Erica Keppel . Arne Nygren . Manal Al-Kandari . James T. Carlton
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Received: 12 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The spionid polychaete Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda, 1937) was originally described from Japan and has since been reported as a non-indigenous species in soft bottom communities in the Northeast Pacific, the Mediterranean Sea, around Europe, Australia, Brazil, and Florida. The diagnostic features of the adults are palps with ramified yellow chromatophores, prostomium rounded anteriorly, short occipital antenna on the caruncle, and a small disc-like pygidium. We collected Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02346-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. V. I. Radashevsky (&) V. V. Malyar V. V. Pankova National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia e-mail: [email protected] M. C. Gambi A. Giangrande Department of Marine Integrative Ecology, Ischia Marine Center, Stazione Zoologica ‘‘Anton Dohrn’’ di Napoli, 80070 Ischia, Napoli, Italy A. Giangrande Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Universita` del Salento, CONISMA, Via Prov. le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Pseudopolydora with these features from locations worldwide and compared them by a molecular analysis. The Bayesian analysis of the combined dataset of three genetic markers (mitochondrial 16S rDNA, nuclear 28S rDNA and Histone 3; 811 bp in total) showed that the worms form a monophyletic group comprising four genetically different clades. We name this group the P. paucibranchiata complex and consider the clades as four pseudocryptic species. The largest examined clade comprises individuals from the Pacific Canada (British Columbia), Russia (Sea of Japan), South Korea (East Sea), Italy (Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas), Australia (Victoria), Netherlands, and Japan, which we identify as P. E. Keppel Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), Smithsonian Institution, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA A. Nygren Department of Marine Science, The Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Tja¨rno¨, Stro¨mstad, Sweden M. Al-Kandari Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 22107 Salmiya, Kuwait J. T. Carlton Maritime Studies Program, Williams College-Mystic Seaport, Mystic, CT 06355, USA
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paucibranchiata. The morphology, reproductive biology and ecology of P. paucibranchiata are briefly reviewed. The other three clades are referred to as Pseudopolydora vexillosa Radashevsky and Hsieh, 2000 (Vi
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