Pathogenicity of Pythium species to maize
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Pathogenicity of Pythium species to maize Christoph S. Schmidt & Andreas Leclerque & Tobias Pfeiffer & Johannes W. Goessling & Marc Orlik & Behzad Jamshidi & Katharina Saar & Jörg Sellmann & Isabella Siepe & Eckhard Koch
Accepted: 8 July 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Pythium isolates from diseased and dead bait plants of maize and cress grown in compost or various soils (maize fields, parkland under deciduous trees,
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02076-9 ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. C. S. Schmidt : A. Leclerque : T. Pfeiffer : J. W. Goessling : M. Orlik : B. Jamshidi : K. Saar : E. Koch (*) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Julius Kühn-Institut, Heinrichstr, 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany e-mail: [email protected] C. S. Schmidt Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic A. Leclerque Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr, 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany A. Leclerque Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy J. Sellmann Data Processing Group, Julius Kühn-Institut, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany I. Siepe Global Research Crop Protection, BASF SE, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany
grassland) were characterised and tested for pathogenicity to maize (Zea mays L.). In pot tests performed under controlled conditions, pathogenicity of the isolates to maize was apparent by reduction of root and shoot growth, whereas damping-off of maize seedlings was less frequent. Contrarily, pea seedlings were killed by pathogenic Pythium isolates. Pythium isolates from diseased maize seedlings and pathogenic strains from other gramineous plants (P. phragmitis, P. aff. phragmitis, P. catenulatum) were not necessarily more virulent to maize compared to isolates originating from dicotyledonous plants (cress). The most virulent isolates originated from compost and caused a reduction of maize shoot growth of up to 60%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were very closel y r e l a t e d to P . u l t i m u m v a r . u l t i m u m an d P. arrhenomanes, respectively. Isolates originating from maize fields, grassland and parkland under deciduous trees, a reference culture of P. arrhenomanes and strains of P. phragmitis, P. aff. phragmitis and P. catenulatum with known pathogenicity on reed were non-pathogenic on maize. Isolates from compost, and from maize fields generally had a higher temperature optimum for mycelial growth (30 °C) and a faster growth rate (1.5–2.0 mm h−1) compared to the isolates from parkland under deciduous trees and grassland soil (20–25 °C, ~1.0 mm h−1), respectively. This study indicates a potential impact of pathogenic Pythium on maize plants even in the absence of visible symptoms.
Keywords Maize . Oomycete pathogens
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