Monitoring system and in situ conservation of endemic and threatened Beta patula Aiton populations in Madeira Region
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Monitoring system and in situ conservation of endemic and threatened Beta patula Aiton populations in Madeira Region H. No´brega . G. Freitas . M. A. Zavattieri . C. Ragonezi M. A. A. Pinheiro de Carvalho
. L. Frese .
Received: 22 January 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Madeira Archipelago is a hotspot for crop wild relatives (CWR) of crop cultures. Some of these CWR are present in very specific environments, such as, in Ponta de Sa˜o Lourenc¸o or Desertas Islands. One such species is Beta patula Aiton, a Critically Endangered species which belongs to the Gene Pool 1b of cultivated beets. A continuous effort has been developed for its ex situ conservation through the storage of accessions (ISOP2512 and ISOP1911) in the ISOPlexis GeneBank at the University of Madeira. H. No´brega G. Freitas M. A. Zavattieri C. Ragonezi (&) M. A. A. P. de Carvalho ISOPlexis Center, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] M. A. Zavattieri Biology Department, Cole´gio da Mitra, University of E´vora, Ap. 94, 7002-554 E´vora, Portugal M. A. Zavattieri Institute of Earth Sciences (ICT), Cole´gio Luı´s Anto´nio Verney, University of E´vora, Rua Roma˜o Ramalho 59. 7002-554, E´vora, Portugal
Simultaneously, a series of studies have been carried out to understand the species’ ecogeographic and ecological requirements, to validate populations’ boundaries and sizes, and to establish population dynamics. This study includes a complete floristic survey at the B. patula locations of, Desembarcadouro islet (DI) with 12 (DI1–DI12) sampling sites, and Cha˜o islet (CI) with 3 (CI1–CI3). Several Biodiversity indices were calculated for these locations. Plot DI3 exhibited the highest values for Corrected Evenness (E0 = 0.77 ± 0.07), Shannon– Weaver Diversity Index (H0 = 2.48 ± 0.12), and Hill’s Index (N2 = 4.47 ± 0.72), with a total sum of 306 individuals of B. patula. The demographic status of B. patula populations in DI and CI was determined yearly between 2014 and 2018. The results show an average population size of 16,906 and 2917 plants, respectively. These data will be used for the establishment of a protocol to monitor and manage a genetic reserve for B. patula and other CWR. By doing so, our work will contribute to the implementation of the European genetic reserve network.
L. Frese Julius Ku¨hn-Institut (JKI), Bundesforschungsinstitut fu¨r Kulturpflanzen, Institut fu¨r Zu¨chtungsforschung an landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany M. A. A. P. de Carvalho Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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Genet Resour Crop Evol
Graphic abstract
Keywords CWR Amaranthaceae Madeira Archipelago Population size Biodiversity indices Species richness Wild beets
Introduction Mankind started to domesticate wild species with the emergence of agriculture (Harlan 1992; Heywood et al
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