Morphological and cytogenetic analysis of different cytotypes of Boerhaavia diffusa L. and their evaluation for biologic
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Morphological and cytogenetic analysis of different cytotypes of Boerhaavia diffusa L. and their evaluation for biological activity Nisha Sharma1 · Bikram Singh2 · Aruna Bhatia3 · Raghbir Chand Gupta1 · Mohammad Saleem Wani1 Received: 25 June 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 © Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University 2020
Abstract Boerhavia diffusa is an herbaceous plant of the family Nyctaginaceae. It is mentioned to have anti-aging, disease prevention, and life-enhancing activities that hold enormous influence on disease burden and affordability/availability of healthcare in the world. In the present study, various populations of this plant species were characterized using morphological markers, cytogenetic and phytochemical analyses. Besides, biological activity was also studied for anti-diabetic and anti-bacterial effects using rats and bacterial systems respectively. For the three cytotypes i.e. diploid, tetraploid and octaploid, twelve morphological traits were studied. HPLC system was used for the identification of bioactive compounds present in extracts. The in vivo anti-hyperglycemic effects of the extract in alloxan- induced diabetes were determined using Swiss albino rats. Rats with fasting plasma glucose vary ≥ 300–315 mg/dl were treated to be diabetic and utilized for the examination. Antibacterial activities of three cytotypes of B. diffusa were screened by using the Disc diffusion method against two strains of Gram-positive bacteria and three strains of Gram-negative bacteria. The present study reports the existence of diploid, tetraploid and octaploid cytotypes which was new report from India. The diploid cytotype of B. diffusa showed maximum activity against diabetes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and more anti-bacterial activity in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as compared to tetraploid and octaploid cytotypes. HPLC results showed that the concentration of phytoconstituents showed a negative correlation with the ploidy level being maximum in plants with lower ploidy levels. The present paper represents the first report of the pharmacognostic study based on different plant parts and cytotypes in B. diffusa. Results of the present study will be useful for exploiting appropriate cytotypes for various purposes such as formulating new antidiabetic and anti-bacterial drugs from B. diffusa. Keywords Boerhaavia diffusa · Morphology · Cytology · HPLC · Biological activity
Introduction Phytomedicines have been the profoundly reputable source of medicine all through human history. They are extensively utilized today demonstrating that herbs are a growing part of present day, advanced medication. They are generally utilized today demonstrating that herbs are a developing piece of present day, cutting edge medication (Firenzuoli and Gori * Mohammad Saleem Wani [email protected] 1
Department of Botany, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
2
Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-IHBT Palampur, Palampur, H.P., India
3
Department o
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