Morphological and physiological responses of tara ( Caesalpinia spinosa (Mol.) O. Kuntz) microshoots to ventilation and
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BIOTECHNOLOGY
Morphological and physiological responses of tara (Caesalpinia spinosa (Mol.) O. Kuntz) microshoots to ventilation and sucrose treatments Jenny Elizabeth Núñez-Ramos 1 & Elisa Quiala 2 & Laisyn Posada 3 & Saúl Mestanza 2 & Leidy Sarmiento 2 & Dion Daniels 4 & Carlos R. Arroyo 5 & Blanca Naranjo 6 & Karla Vizuete 5 & Carlos Noceda 6,7,8 & Rafael Gómez-Kosky 9 Received: 25 November 2019 / Accepted: 8 July 2020 / Editor: David Songstad # The Society for In Vitro Biology 2020
Abstract One of the main problems of in vitro plant tissue culture is the poor ventilation in the culture vessels. This leads to morphological and physiological anomalies in regenerated in vitro plants, a crucial issue in woody species, such as Caesalpinia spinosa (Mol.) O. Kuntz, which is a legominous tree or thorny shrub of the Andes, adequate photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic in vitro rooting systems could eliminate these problems. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic treatments to optimize the in vitro rooting of C. spinosa microshoots. Micropropagated shoots were cultured in vessels sealed with a polypropylene lid with 0, 1, or 3 ventilation holes covered with a 0.45-μm adhesive polypropylene microfilter. The vessels contained MS salts with or without 30 g L−1 sucrose or, alternatively, a porous substrate (PRO-MIX®), which facilitated rooting and produced greater fresh and dry weights, a higher concentration of photosynthetic pigments and phenolic compounds, and more developed leaves. The optimal performance and higher survival was obtained by using PRO-MIX® with three filters for increased ventilation. For treatments in agar, only the one with sucrose and highly ventilated (three filters) reached a performance approaching that with PRO-MIX®. To date, the presented results have not been reported in scientific literature for C. spinosa. Keywords Caesalpinia . Acclimatization . In vitro rooting . Photoautotrophic . Photomixotrophic
Introduction Caesalpinia spinosa (Mol.) O. Kuntz (tara, also known as “guarango”) is a tree native to the Andes and found in
Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia (Mancero 2008). This tree is located in dry forests and thrives in arid or desert environments, where high fruit production is obtained (Balaguer et al. 2011).
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-020-10104-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jenny Elizabeth Núñez-Ramos [email protected]
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Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí, Quito, Ecuador
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Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas / Biotecnología Industrial y Bioproductos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí, Quito, Ecuador
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Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Panamericana sur km 11/2, Riobamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador
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Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIAP, Av. Eloy
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