MRS Communications Abstracts
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Impact Factor
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2018 • Volume 8, Issue 1
PROSPECTIVES
COMMENTARY
Paper as a scaffold for cell cultures: teaching an old material new tricks
Water photonics, non-linearity, and anomalously large electro-optic coefficients in poled silica fibers
Xinchen Wu, Sanika Suvarnapathaki, Kierra Walsh, and Gulden Camci-Unal, University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA
John Canning, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia, and The University of Sydney, Australia
Paper-based cell culture platforms have emerged as a promising approach for a myriad of biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, disease models, cancer research, biotechnology, highthroughput testing, biosensing, and diagnostics. Paper enables the generation of highly flexible, biocompatible, inexpensive, porous, and three-dimensional (3D) constructs and devices. These systems have been used to culture mammalian cells, bacteria, algae, and fungi. Studies have shown that paper is an exceptional material for applications in life sciences, materials sciences, engineering, and medicine. Paper has been employed for creating biomimetic cell culture environments by folding or stacking it into the desired 3D shapes and structures. This review discusses the use of paper-based platforms for cellular applications and provides a diverse range of examples. DOI:10.1557/mrc.2018.8
A review of the literature offers an explanation for the large anomalous electro-optic (e.o.) effect reported by Fujiwara et al. in 1994. It is based on the large e.o. coefficient of ordered water at an interface measured in recent years >1000 pm/V. More broadly, the concept of waterbased photonics, where water could be a new platform material for devices and systems, is introduced, suggesting that liquid states of matter can allow ready shaping and exploitation of many processes in ways not previously considered. This paper is a commentary on the significance of this new understanding and the broader interest of water in photonics, particularly its consideration as a new platform material. DOI:10.1557/mrc.2018.15
Temperature-dependent nanoindentation response of materials Saeed Zare Chavoshi, Imperial College London, London, UK; and Shuozhi Xu, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA It is of the uttermost interest to understand the mechanical performance and deformation mechanisms contributing to small-scale plasticity of materials in micro/nanoelectromechanical systems at their service temperatures, which are usually above room temperature. In recent years, high-temperature nanoindentation experiments have emerged as a reliable approach to characterize the deformation behavior of materials at the nano and submicron scale. In this review, we highlight the role of the temperature in nanoindentation response of a wide variety of materials, with a particular focus on the thermally-activated deformation mechanisms in crystalline and non-crystalline materials under the indenter, e.g., dislocation processes, shear transformation zone, and phase transformations. A brief survey of t
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