Multifunctional layered black phosphorene-based nanoplatform for disease diagnosis and treatment: a review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Multifunctional layered black phosphorene-based nanoplatform for disease diagnosis and treatment: a review Xiazi HUANG1,2†, Yingying ZHOU1,2†, Chi Man WOO1,2, Yue PAN3, Liming NIE4, Puxiang LAI (✉)1,2 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China 2 Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China 3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China 4 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
© Higher Education Press 2020
Abstract As an outstanding two-dimensional material, black phosphorene, has attracted significant attention in the biomedicine field due to its large surface area, strong optical absorption, distinct bioactivity, excellent biocompatibility, and high biodegradability. In this review, the preparation and properties of black phosphorene are summarized first. Thereafter, black phosphorene-based multifunctional platforms employed for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, including cancer, bone injuries, brain diseases, progressive oxidative diseases, and kidney injury, are reviewed in detail. This review provides a better understanding of the exciting properties of black phosphorene, such as its high drug-loading efficiency, photothermal conversion capability, high 1O2 generation efficiency, and high electrical conductivity, as well as how these properties can be exploited in biomedicine. Finally, the research perspectives of black phosphorene are discussed. Keywords black phosphorus (BP), delivery nanoplatform, bioimaging, cancer therapy, bone regeneration
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Introduction
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant interest due to their optical, catalytic, and tunable electronic and electrochemical properties [1– 5]. For example, since graphene was successfully Received August 19, 2020; accepted October 1, 2020 E-mail: [email protected] †
Equal contribution
synthesized in 2004, it has become one of the most extensively studied 2D materials [6,7]. Graphene has excellent properties beneficial for optoelectronic and electronic applications; it also has a large surface area ideally suitable for drug delivery in biomedicine [8,9]. The success of graphene has inspired the development of many other 2D materials, such as silicene [10] transition-metal dichalcogenides (MoSe2, WSe2 and MoS2), transitionmetal oxides [11–13], and black phosphorus (BP) [14,15]. Notably, BP distinguishes itself from all other 2D materials, as it exhibits exclusive properties relevant to diverse fields, particularly biomedicine [16]. For instance, BP exhibits excellent adsorption capacity due to its unique structure. Single-layer BP is composed of one P atom bonded to two neighboring intraplanar P atoms and anoth
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