Multiple and independent rearrangements revealed by comparative cytogenetic mapping in the dysploid Leptostachyus group
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Multiple and independent rearrangements revealed by comparative cytogenetic mapping in the dysploid Leptostachyus group (Phaseolus L., Leguminosae) Maria Eduarda Ferraz & Artur Fonsêca & Andrea Pedrosa-Harand
Received: 15 September 2020 / Revised: 22 October 2020 / Accepted: 25 October 2020 / Published online: 16 November 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Polyploidy and dysploidy have been reported as the main events in karyotype evolution of plants. In the genus Phaseolus L. (2n = 22), a small monophyletic group of three species, the Leptostachyus group, presents a dysploid karyotype with 2n = 20. It was shown in Phaseolus leptostachyus that the dysploidy was caused by a nested chromosome fusion (NCF) accompanied by several translocations, suggesting a high rate of karyotype evolution in the group. To verify if this karyotype restructuring was a single event or occurred progressively during the evolution of this group, we analysed P. macvaughii, sister to Phaseolus micranthus + P. leptostachyus. Twenty-four genomic clones of P. vulgaris previously mapped on P. leptostachyus, in addition to the 5S and 35S rDNA probes, were used for fluorescence in situ hybridization. Only a single rearrangement was common to the two species: the nested chromosome fusion (NCF) involving chromosomes 10 and 11. The translocation of chromosome 2 is not the same found
Key message After a nested chromosome fusion (NCF) and consequent dysploidy, successive and independent rearrangements differentiated the chromosome complements of two species of the Leptostachyus group in a relatively short period of time.
in P. leptostachyus, and pericentric inversions in chromosomed 3 and 4 were exclusive of P. macvaughii. The other rearrangements observed in P. leptostachyus were not shared with this species, suggesting that they occurred after the separation of these lineages. The presence of private rearrangements indicates a progressive accumulation of karyotype changes in the Leptostachyus group instead of an instant genome-wide repatterning. Keywords BAC-FISH . Dysploidy . Inversion . Karyotype evolution . Nested chromosome fusion . Translocation Abbreviations BAC Bacterial artificial chromosome Chr Chromosome DAPI 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole FISH Fluorescence in situ hybridization NCF Nested Chromosome Fusion Mya Million years ago rDNA Ribosomal DNA Ple Phaseolus leptostachyus Pma Phaseolus macvaughii Pvu Phaseolus vulgaris
Responsible Editor: Jiming Jiang M. E. Ferraz : A. Fonsêca : A. Pedrosa-Harand (*) Laboratório de Citogenética e Evolução Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE, R. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, CDU, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Genome stability is important for species survival and reproduction, but a degree of variability is essential for
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adaptation to changing environments. Therefore, the evolution of the genomes aims to establish a balance between stability and plasticity through strategies such as increasing or
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