Nano-sized magnetic Ni particles based dispersive solid-phase extraction of trace Cd before the determination by flame a
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Nano-sized magnetic Ni particles based dispersive solid-phase extraction of trace Cd before the determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with slotted quartz tube: a new, accurate, and sensitive quantification method Özlem Yağci & Erhan Akkaya & Sezgin Bakirdere Received: 14 May 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this study, a new analytical strategy was developed to determine trace cadmium in aqueous samples with high sensitivity and accuracy. A combination of magnetic nickel nanoparticles (Ni-MNPs) based dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry fitted with a slotted quartz tube (SQT-FAAS) lowered the detection limit of cadmium. The magnetic Ni nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and thoroughly optimized in a stepwise approach. The quartz tube was custom cut in the laboratory to suit the specifics of the flame burner. Using the optimized conditions, a limit of detection value of 0.58 μg/L and limit of quantification value of 1.93 μg/L were obtained. To demonstrate accuracy and applicability of the developed method, well water samples were analyzed for their Cd content, and matrix effect on the extraction yield was investigated. The percent recovery results calculated ranged from 93.8 to 108.2%, with corresponding standard deviation values ranging from 1.7 to 7.7. These results established the developed method as sensitive, accurate, and precise for determination of cadmium at trace levels.
Ö. Yağci Department of Physics, Yildiz Technical University, 34349 İstanbul, Turkey E. Akkaya : S. Bakirdere (*) Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, 34349 İstanbul, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Magnetic nickel nanoparticles . Cadmium . Dispersive solid-phase extraction . Flame atomic absorption spectrometry with slotted quartz tube Introduction Cadmium is one of the most common industrial pollutants that can cause critical health and environmental problems (Registry 2012). The release of cadmium into natural resources may cause serious effects on human health and the ecosystem. Even though cadmium causes no significant harm to the well-being of living organisms at low concentrations, its accumulation could lead to serious health problems such as different cancer types (Nawrot et al. 2006). Therefore, a sensitive and accurate quantification method for trace cadmium is essential to determine its levels in food and environmental samples and to take the necessary precautions on time. Modern technology provides high-end instruments such as inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (de la Rosa et al. 2004), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Djedjibegovic et al. 2012), and electrothermal-atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) (Zhong et al. 2016) for the determination of toxic elements. These instruments are well-known for determination of cadmium at trace and ultra-trace levels for decades now. Despite their highly accurate and sensitive determi
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