Determination of Antimony Speciation in Cow Milk Using Dispersive Micro-solid Phase Extraction Based on Fibrous TiO 2 @g
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Determination of Antimony Speciation in Cow Milk Using Dispersive Micro-solid Phase Extraction Based on Fibrous TiO2@g-C3N4 Nanocomposites and ICP-MS After Sample Pretreatment by Artificial Gastric Juice Shizhong Chen 1
&
Yuxiu Liu 2 & Chunlei Wang 2 & Juntao Yan 2 & Dengbo Lu 1
Received: 15 January 2020 / Accepted: 15 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, fibrous TiO2@g-C3N4 nanocomposites (FTGCNCs) were used as a new adsorbent of dispersive micro-solid phase extraction for speciation of antimony in cow milk, including Sb(III), Sb(V), residual, digestible, and total Sb. Samples were prepared with artificial gastric juice to achieve bioaccessible species of elements before ICP-MS determination. Besides, adsorption behaviors of Sb(III) and Sb(V) on FTGCNCs were investigated. The results showed that Sb(III) was quantitatively adsorbed on FTGCNCs in the pH range of 2.0–4.0, while Sb(V) remained in aqueous phase. Sb(III) adsorbed on FTGCNCs was eluted completely with 1.5 mol L−1 HNO3 solution. The assay of Sb(V) was based on subtracting Sb(III) from total Sb. Total Sb was extracted and determined after the reduction of Sb(V) into Sb(III). The main parameters affecting the separation and determination of the analytes were examined in detail. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection was 0.37 pg mL−1 for Sb(III) with relative standard deviation of 4.1% (c = 1.0 ng mL−1, n = 9). This method was successfully used for the analysis of Sb speciation in cow milk. To validate this method, a certified reference material of milk powder was analyzed, and the determined values were in good agreement with the certified values. Keywords Antimony speciation . Artificial gastric juice . Fibrous TiO2@g-C3N4 nanocomposites . Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction . Cow milk . Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Introduction It is well known that cow milk is one of the most significant protein sources for human beings and widely consumed in the world. It is made up of proteins, fats, vitamins, sugars, and enzymes. Besides, cow milk also contains a lot of microelements, which may have beneficial or negative effects on human health. Antimony (Sb) is an ubiquitous and toxic element. Excessive exposure to Sb may cause harmful effect to human health, including gastritis, dermatitis, pneumoconiosis, respiratory tract irritation, suppuration of nasal septum, and
* Shizhong Chen [email protected] 1
College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
2
College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
cellular damage in the lung, heart, and kidneys (Krachler et al. 2001; Tian et al. 2013). In particular, the toxicity, mobility, and bioavailability of Sb depend critically upon its chemical speciation. Inorganic Sb species for human being are more toxic than its organic ones (Chen et al. 2019; Guo et al. 2018). Sb(III) specie
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