Nanoparticles and Nanodevices in Biological Applications The INFN Le

This is the first volume in a series of books on selected topics in Nanoscale Science and Technology based on lectures given at the well-known INFN schools of the same name. The aim of this collection is to provide a reference corpus of suitable, introduc

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Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science and Technology

Volume 4

Series Editors Zhiming M. Wang Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA Andreas Waag Institut f¨ur Halbleitertechnik, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany Gregory Salamo Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA Naoki Kishimoto Quantum Beam Center, National Institue for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Volumes Published in This Series: Volume 1: Self-Assembled Quantum Dots, Wang, Z.M., 2007 Volume 2: Nanoscale Phenomena: Basic Science to Device Applications, Tang, Z., and Sheng, P., 2007 Volume 3: One-Dimensional Nanostructures, Wang, Z.M., 2008 Volume 4: Nanoparticles and Nanodevices in Biological Applications, Bellucci, S. (Ed.), 2009 Forthcoming Titles: B-C-N Nanotubes and Related Nanostructures, Yap, Y.K., 2008 Towards Functional Nanomaterials, Wang, Z.M., 2008 Epitaxial Semiconductor Nanostructures, Wang, Z.M., and Salamo, G., 2009

Stefano Bellucci (Ed.)

Nanoparticles and Nanodevices in Biological Applications The INFN Lectures - Vol I

123

Stefano Bellucci Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati via E. Fermi, 40 00044 Frascati RM Italy [email protected]

ISBN: 978-3-540-70943-5

e-ISBN: 978-3-540-70946-6

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008933215 c 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg  This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

Preface

This is the first volume in a series of books on selected topics in nanoscale science and technology, based on lectures given at the well-known Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, or in short INFN) schools of the same name (Nanoscience & Nanotechnology 2006, Nanosceience & Nanotechnology 2007). The aim of this collection is to provide a reference corpus of suitable, introductory material to relevant subfields, as they mature over time, by gathering the significantly expanded and edited versions of tutorial lectures, given over the years by internationally known experts. The field of nanoscience has witnessed a rapid growth in the last decade. Recently, the attention of the community of nanoscientists has been