Nanosorbent-based solid phase microextraction techniques for the monitoring of emerging organic contaminants in water an
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Nanosorbent-based solid phase microextraction techniques for the monitoring of emerging organic contaminants in water and wastewater samples Hassan Sereshti 1
&
Osman Duman 2 & Sibel Tunç 2 & Nina Nouri 1 & Parisa Khorram 3
Received: 29 May 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This review (including 127 refs) summarizes applications of nanosorbent-based solid phase microextraction (SPME) for the cleanup, extraction, and quantification of Emerging Organic Contaminants (EOCs). SPME is the most widely used technique for the analysis of EOCs from water samples. The selection of sorbent material plays a key role in SPME applications. Here, we have collected information about recent developments in the application of nanosorbents in the SPME technique used for the extraction of EOCs from water and wastewater samples. In this review, the preparation, properties, advantages, and limitations of nanosorbents used in SPME applications are evaluated and discussed. Besides, the applications of these nanosorbents in SPMEbased extraction techniques and their analytical characteristics for the determination of EOCs are reviewed. Keywords Solid phase microextraction . Emerging organic contaminants . Nanoadsorbents . Environmental water samples
Introduction Emerging Organic Contaminants (EOCs) encompass a diverse group of naturally occurring or anthropogenic materials that are generally categorized as pharmaceuticals personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), flame retardants (FRs), nanoparticles (NPs), and pesticide degradation products (PDPs). PPCPs include antibiotics, hormones, β-blockers, blood lipid regulators, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-depressants, antiepileptic carbamazepine, and illicit and licit drugs [1]. They are widely consumed for therapeutic, personal hygiene, and beautification purposes. EDCs are exogenous materials that affect
* Hassan Sereshti [email protected] * Osman Duman [email protected] 1
School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
3
Standard Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
function(s) of the endocrine system and thus cause adverse human health effects. They are very diverse and contains natural and synthetic compounds. [2]. FRs consist of organic or inorganic materials added to various products to reduce the flammability or to prevent fire. They are additives and can be released to the environment through the manufacturing, usage, and destruction of the product [3]. NPs are engineered solid particles with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. The widespread presence of nanoparticles in industrial and consumer products has increased concern over their potential toxic or harmful effect on the environment. They are released into the environment indirectly from products during their production and their increasingly common use through wastewater dischar
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