Nanotechnologies for Removal of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug from Wastewater
Nowadays, our world faces one of the greatest challenges in terms of water consumption due to its growing population and demanding economic development. Water pollution is taking place at a rate and grade that make the advancement in water treatment techn
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Introduction Nanomaterials for NSAIDs Adsorption Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Degradation of NSAIDs Nanomaterials for Electrocatalytic Degradation of NSAIDs 4.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for NSAIDs Removal 4.2 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanostructures 4.3 Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanostructures 4.4 Platinum Nanoparticles (PtNPs) 4.5 Other Nanomaterials 5 Conclusions and Perspectives References
Abstract Nowadays, our world faces one of the greatest challenges in terms of water consumption due to its growing population and demanding economic development. Water pollution is taking place at a rate and grade that make the advancement in water treatment technologies a research priority on several fronts, including those needed from the environmental and health standpoints. Today, one of the major concerns for allowing water reuse and providing safe drinking water supply is related to the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and micropollutants in raw water. Among the latter, pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) stand out, as they could partially or totally resist conventional removal treatments. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are especially ubiquitous PhCs due to their extensive prescription, and, consequently, they are often detected in hospital effluents, surface water bodies, sewage treatment plants (STP) effluents, and soil matrices. Therefore,
M. Cerro-Lopez (*), J. J. Cisneros, M. A. Méndez-Rojas, and L. I. Castro-Pastrana Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Cholula, México e-mail: [email protected] Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván (ed.), Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Water: Emerging Contaminants and Ecological Impact, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_553, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
M. Cerro-Lopez et al.
NSAIDs wastewater removal is becoming a major concern in environmental protection. New technologies capable of efficiently removing them have been developed in the last few decades, and, within them, nanotechnology has risen as a promising tool to aid these technologies to accomplish their goal. In this chapter, the most common approaches to treat NSAIDs-containing wastewater are addressed, including adsorption, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis; besides, recent advances on nanotechnological applications to improve their performance are covered. Keywords Adsorbents, Electrocatalyst, Nanomaterials, NSAIDs, Photocatalyst, Removal
1 Introduction NSAIDs are active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which are among the most common molecules used in the treatment of rheumatic or degenerative joint diseases and in pain relief and muscle inflammation. This category includes ibuprofen, aspirin, indomethacin, ketorolac, naproxen, acetaminophen, sulindac, nimesulide, and diclofenac, among others (Fig. 1) [1–3]. However, several biologically active metabolization products are excreted into domestic effluents, easily reaching water effluents; furthermore, as they are over-the-counter drugs, these emerging pollutants are becoming a serious co
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