Biological Technologies Used for the Removal of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Chronic pain is one of the most important causes of disability worldwide and represents a major public health challenge. The presence of inflammation is a common underlying mechanism of chronic pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), COX2-sel
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Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatories Emerging Pollutants NSAIDs in Aquatic Ecosystems Toxicological Effects of NSAIDs Over the Counter NSAIDs Consumption of NSAIDs in the World NSAIDs Disposal Diclofenac Ibuprofen Naproxen NSAIDs Bioremediation Biological Technologies for the Elimination of Diclofenac 12.1 Microbial Consortium 12.2 Biologically Activated Carbon Filter 12.3 Artificial Wetland Systems 12.4 Biogenic Compounds 12.5 Bacterial Biodegradation 12.6 Metabolic and Co-metabolic Biodegradation 12.7 Bioremediation by Laccase Enzymes Biological Technologies for the Elimination of Ibuprofen 13.1 Artificial Wetlands 13.2 Biodegradation in Biological Filter 13.3 Bacterial Biodegradation
N. Ramírez-Durán (*), L. C. Can-Ubando, G. L. Manzanares-Leal, M. P. A. Moreno-Pérez, and K. Isaac-Olivé Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] A. H. Sandoval-Trujillo Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Coyoacán, Mexico Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván (ed.), Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Water: Emerging Contaminants and Ecological Impact, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_554, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
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Biological Technologies for the Elimination of Naproxen 14.1 Bacterial Biodegradation 14.2 Biodegradation and Enzymes 14.3 Use of Bacterial Enzymes 14.4 Biodegradation by Fungi and Lacquer Action 15 Conclusion References
Abstract Chronic pain is one of the most important causes of disability worldwide and represents a major public health challenge. The presence of inflammation is a common underlying mechanism of chronic pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), COX2-selective and non-selective, showing analgesic and antiinflammatory properties, are useful options for the treatment of chronic pain. Non-metabolized pharmaceutical products and their metabolites are excreted and enter sewage as biologically active substances. The accumulation of emerging pollutants, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients and their metabolites in the aquatic environment, has recently become a serious problem due to their bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity potential that affects living organisms. Pharmaceutical products considered as emerging pollutants are partially removed during the treatment of wastewater that contains them and are detected in groundwater, surface water, and wastewater effluent, as well as in drinking water at concentrations ranging from a few nanograms per liter to 15 μg/L. The elimination of these contaminants is essential due to the toxicity that causes in the organisms. Biological techniques that include microorganisms in their processes could be more effective for the elimination of pharmaceutical contaminants compared to the physicochemical techniques currently used. Keywords Aquatic ecosystems, Bacterial biodegradation, Biological technologies, Emerging pollutants, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
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