Contemporary Methods for Removal of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Water Reclamations
Global water quantity and quality are anticipated to decrease in the coming decades, as a result of both increasing global populations and the effects of climate change. Reusing and recycling water is a key part of reducing the pressure on our existing wa
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Contemporary Methods for Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Removal 2.1 Biological Methods 2.2 Advanced Oxidation Process 2.3 Membrane Separation Process 2.4 Integrated Process 3 Conclusions and Outlooks References
Abstract Global water quantity and quality are anticipated to decrease in the coming decades, as a result of both increasing global populations and the effects of climate change. Reusing and recycling water is a key part of reducing the pressure on our existing water supplies and the aquatic environment. However, the occurrence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in secondary, and in some tertiary, treated effluents- and sewage-impacted water bodies is one of the major obstacles for the implementation of water reuse. For several decades, NSAIDs have
L. N. Nguyen (*) and L. D. Nghiem Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia e-mail: [email protected] A. S. Commault and D. Sutherland Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia G. U. Semblante Technical Services, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia S. Oh Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván (ed.), Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Water: Emerging Contaminants and Ecological Impact, Hdb Env Chem, https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2020_550
L. N. Nguyen et al.
been extensively used for therapeutic purposes in both humans and domestic livestock. The negative effects of NSAIDs on aquatic biota are just beginning to be realized. Currently, intensive treatments are required to remove effectively NSAIDs from recycled treated effluent in order to minimize or eliminate risks to human health and aquatic environment. In this chapter, we focus the discussion on contemporary methods for NSAID removal including biological, physical, chemical, and combined process that may provide a more effective and efficient alternative. Keywords Advanced oxidation process, Integrated process, Membrane process, NSAIDs, Water reuse
1 Introduction Water reclamation refers to the treatment of used water, or wastewater, to the quality suitable for either potable (e.g., drinking) or non-potable (e.g., irrigation, agricultural applications, and toilet flushing) use. Water reclamation provides an alternative source of water that gives an extra level of certainty and security to water supplies in the face of a changing climate. In recent years, there has been an upward trajectory in both technology development and full-scale implementation of water reclamation. For example, NEWater, the trade name of reclaimed water produced in Singapore, now operates five full-scale NEWater plants that supply up to 40% of Singapore’s water demand (i.e., water fabrication processes, non-potable applications in manufacturing processes as well as aircon cooling towers in commercial buildings). Despi
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