Natural rubber identification and characterization in Euphorbia macroclada
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Natural rubber identification and characterization in Euphorbia macroclada Somaye Azadi1 • Hedayat Bagheri1 Mahmood Ghorbani-Marghashi1
•
Behrooz Mohammad Parast2
•
Received: 7 July 2020 / Revised: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 Ó Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society 2020
Abstract Natural rubber is one of the most important polymers produced by plants, which contains cis-1,4polyisoprene, protein and fatty acids. It has unique properties compared to synthetic rubber and has many different uses in industry. Here, natural rubber of Euphorbia macroclada was characterized due to its abundance in arid areas. Isolation of rubber was done using both acetone and hexane solvents. FT-IR and NMR further characterized and confirmed the structure of rubber as cis-1,4 polyisoprene. GPC analyses showed a molecular weight of 8.180E?2 with polydispersity of 1.287. These data is useful for better understanding of latex composition in family of Euphorbiaceae. Keywords Latex Natural rubber Spurge E. macroclada
Introduction Euphorbia macroclada belongs to family of Euphorbiaceae. This family includes over 2000 species distributed around the world as herbs, shrubs and trees. E. macroclada usually grows in different habitats such as damaged areas, arable lands, dry meadows, steppes, open oak forests, along & Hedayat Bagheri [email protected] & Behrooz Mohammad Parast [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Malayer University, Hamedan, Iran
roads, rocks, etc. and SW Asia is one of the most important centers of its diversity (Yang et al. 2012; Dorsey et al. 2013; Peirson et al. 2013; Riina et al. 2013; Pahlevani et al. 2015). The genus Euphorbia is known by exudes of latex when injured (Biesboer and Koukkari 1992; Mabberley 1997; Barla et al. 2006). One of the important plants in this family is Hevea brasiliensis which is well known as the natural source of industrial rubber production (Dehgan and Schutzman 1994; Mooibroek and Cornish 2000). Natural rubber is a bio-polymer composed of isoprene units. The length of the biopolymers defines the importance molecular mass of rubber (Bouton 1992). Most of our knowledge of latex biochemistry and laticifers is derived from studies on H. brasiliensis (Arif et al. 2004; Takahashi and Koyama 2006; Wagner et al. 2007). This natural raw material is used in medical instruments, surgical gloves, and various engineering and consumable products (Mooibroek and Cornish 2000). Most developed countries are entirely dependent on the introduction of natural rubber for applications where synthetic rubber cannot be replaced. Natural rubber and latex prices continue to rise as demand grows, and global shortages are projected (Bowers 1990). As Hevea has a very narrow genetic base and well establishes only in tropical regions efforts have been made to develop alternative natural rubber resources (Metcalfe 1967; Bowers 1990). Recently two r
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