Natural Sources and Applications of Demineralized Bone Matrix in the Field of Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is one of the most widely used materials for bone repair. Recently, different strategies in tissue engineering have been used to improve preparation of biomaterials from natural sources suitable for the use in bone regenera
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Natural Sources and Applications of Demineralized Bone Matrix in the Field of Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering Hunhwi Cho, Alessio Bucciarelli, Wonkyung Kim, Yongwoon Jeong, Namyeong Kim, Junjae Jung, Sunjung Yoon, and Gilson Khang Abstract
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is one of the most widely used materials for bone repair. Recently, different strategies in tissue engineering have been used to improve preparation of biomaterials from natural sources suitable for the use in bone regeneration. However, the application of DBM in tissue engineering is still a challenge, because the mechanical properties which are essential to bear tensile and load and the risk of transmission of disease by donor are still a matter of homework. A solution to this problem is to blend natural and synthetic polymers to complement defects and make them ideal biomaterials. An ideal biomaterial improves survival, adhesion, prolifera-
tion, induction, and differentiation of cells in the biomaterial after in vivo transplantation. In this review, we will look at the study of DBM made of natural and synthetic materials giving a direction for future research. Keywords
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) · Demineralized bone particle (DBP) · Cartilage · Chondrocyte · BMSC · Drug delivery · Bone · Bone morphogenetic protein · Tissue engineering · Scaffold · Natural material · Biomaterial
1.1 H. Cho · W. Kim · Y. Jeong · N. Kim · J. Jung · G. Khang (*) Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea e-mail: [email protected] A. Bucciarelli Microsystem Technology Group, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Center, Trento, Italy S. Yoon Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical School, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
Introduction
Bone, a rigid tissue in vivo, is the material that composes the skeleton whose primary function is to provide mechanical support and to sustain the mechanical load due to body movements. It also provides attachment sites for muscle and other tissues, and it produces blood cells [1, 2]. Bone and cartilage damages are primarily caused by traumas, but they can also be caused by genetic disorders, infections, tumors, and other diseases. Critical damages on these tissues could be difficult to self-regenerate; then a surgical treatment is required [3–6]. One among the multiple methods of treating such diseases is the substitution of the
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 H. J. Chun et al. (eds.), Bioinspired Biomaterials, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1249, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3258-0_1
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defective tissue by implantation of biomaterials from natural or synthetic sources [2, 3, 7–10]. In the last decade, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine methods to regenerate and repair injured bones have been studied [11–14]. Due to the extended lifespan and, conseque
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