Neurochemical Mechanisms in Disease
This volume of Advances in Neurobiology deals with the Neurochemistry of disease, with chapters covering both human diseases and animal “model” disorders. Specific diseases are covered in chapters on neurodegenerations such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson's,
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Series Editor Abel Lajtha
For further volumes, go to http://www.springer.com/series/8787
John P. Blass Editor
Neurochemical Mechanisms in Disease
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Editor John P. Blass Weil Medical College of Cornell University White Plains, NY 10605, USA [email protected]
ISSN 2190-5215 e-ISSN 2190-5223 ISBN 978-1-4419-7103-6 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7104-3 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7104-3 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
This volume of Advances in Neurobiology deals with the neurochemistry of disease. Included are chapters on both human diseases and animal “model” diseases. Sources of human tissue. The three main sources of human neural tissues for chemical studies have been: Brain obtained at autopsy Brain obtained at biopsy or incidental to neurosurgery Nonneural tissues containing molecules identical to those in clinically affected brain or nerve In theory, peripheral nerve is more available than brain, but chemical analyses of peripheral nerves are relatively limited. A major problem in doing chemistry on brain obtained at autopsy is the possibility of artifacts arising during the process of dying or in the interval between death and chemical analysis: agonal or postmortem artifacts. During the first decades of modern neurochemistry, this problem was considered so severe that few studies were done on autopsy material. Over 30 years ago, Davison and Bowen and their coworkers at Queen Square in London recognized that it was possible to study meaningfully in autopsy brain those molecules that were stable agonally and postmortem (Bowen et al., 1976). Their recognition that one of these proteins was the enzyme choline acetyltransferase allowed them to make major discoveries about the vulnerability of the cholinergic system in Alzheimer disease; that discovery has led to the only available treatment
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