Neurochemical Aspects of Neurotraumatic and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurotraumatic (stroke, spinal cord trauma, and traumatic head injury) and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington disease, and prion disease) are afflicting aging Americans with increasi
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Akhlaq A. Farooqui
Neurochemical Aspects of Neurotraumatic and Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Akhlaq A. Farooqui Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Ohio State University 1645 Neil Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-6651-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-6652-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6652-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010931168 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
This monograph is dedicated to my wife (Tahira), daughter (Soofia), and son (Seraj). Thank you for sharing your lives with me. You all are always in my heart. Akhlaq A. Farooqui
Preface
American population is aging and an increasing number of Americans are afflicted with stroke, spinal cord trauma, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. These neurological conditions result in the acute as well as gradual and progressive neurodegeneration, which leads to brain dysfunction. Known risk factors for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases include increasing age, genetic polymorphisms, endocrine dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, hypertension, infection, and exposure to neurotoxins. In contrast, spinal cord trauma and traumatic brain injury due to motor cycle and car accidences are major causes of death and disability among young people below the mid-thirties in the USA. According to the NINDS approximately 30–40 million Americans are affected by stroke and neurodegenerative diseases each year. The number of people affected with neurological disorders will double every 20 years and will cost the US economy billions of dollars each year in direct health-care costs and lost opportunities. As the baby boomer’s generation ages and the prevalence of neurotraumatic and neurodegenerative diseases increases in the American society, the need to confront and solve the
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