Neuronal Nitric Oxide Inhibitor 7-Nitroindazole Improved Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Attenuated Brain Tissues
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Inhibitor 7-Nitroindazole Improved BrainDerived Neurotrophic Factor and Attenuated Brain Tissues Oxidative Damage and Learning and Memory Impairments of Hypothyroid Juvenile Rats Sara Memarpour1 · Farimah Beheshti2,3 · Yousef Baghcheghi4 · Abbas Ali Vafaei1 · Mahmoud Hosseini5 · Ali Rashidy‑Pour1 Received: 28 July 2020 / Revised: 29 August 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Hypothyroidism-associated learning and memory impairment is reported to be connected to oxidative stress and reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The effects of neuronal nitric oxide inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7NI) on brain tissues oxidative damage, nitric oxide (NO), BDNF and memory impairments in hypothyroid juvenile rats were investigated. Male Wistar juvenile rats (20 days old) were divided into five groups, including Martinez et al. (J Neurochem 78 (5):1054–1063, 2001). Control in which vehicle was injected instead of 7NI, (Jackson in Thyroid 8 (10):951–956, 1998) Propylthiouracil (PTU) where 0.05% PTU was added in drinking water and vehicle was injected instead of 7NI, (Gong et al. in BMC Neurosci 11 (1):50, 2010; Alva-Sánchez et al. in Brain Res 1271:27–35, 2009; Anaeigoudari et al. in Pharmacol Rep 68 (2): 243–249, 2016) PTU-7NI 5, PTU-7NI 10 and PTU-7NI 20 in which 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg7NI was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). Following 6 weeks, Morris water maze (MMW) and passive avoidance learning (PAL) tests were used to evaluate the memory. Finally, the hippocampus and the cortex of the rats were removed after anesthesia by urethane to be used for future analysis. The escape latency and traveled path in MWM test was increased in PTU group (P
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