New method for determining the degree of fibrillation of regenerated cellulose fibres
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
New method for determining the degree of fibrillation of regenerated cellulose fibres Yibo Ma . Marja Rissanen . Xiang You . Kaniz Moriam . Michael Hummel . Herbert Sixta
Received: 18 August 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In this study, we propose a convenient method for testing the fibrillation tendency of manmade cellulosic fibres (MMCFs) and investigate the possibility to apply a commercial crosslinker for Tencel fibres on the ionic liquid-based regenerated cellulosic fibre (Ioncell fibre). The fibrillation tendency of various MMCFs including viscose, Modal, Tencel and Ioncell fibres were examined through wet abrasion by using ball bearing and blending methods. The fibrillation tests using a laboratory blender was found to be a superior method over the ball bearing method in terms of time and energy saving. The fibrillation tendency of the fibres highly depended on their cellulose molecular orientation and the treatment intensity (time, temperature and alkalinity) in the blender. This fibrillation method was also applied to discover the effect of the crosslinking on the fibrillation tendency of the fibres. The Ioncell fibre proved to be suitable for crosslinking treatment to reduce fibrillation using 1,3,5-triacryloyl-hexahydro-1,3,5triazine (TAHT)—a commercial Tencel crosslinker.
Y. Ma (&) M. Rissanen X. You K. Moriam M. Hummel H. Sixta (&) Department of Bioproducts and Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland e-mail: [email protected] H. Sixta e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Regenerated cellulose fibre Tencel Ioncell Crosslinking Fibrillation
Introduction Man-made cellulosic fibres (MMCFs) is a class of fibres that are converted from cellulosic dissolving pulps via dissolution and fibre spinning technologies. They have certain physical properties that are superior compared to the synthetic fibres, such as excellent moisture management and breathability. MMCFs are considered to be important add-ons to the cellulose textile market due to the growing demanding of the commercial textile products and the stagnation of cotton production (Ha¨mmerle 2011). Furthermore, MMCFs are more environmentally sustainable than cotton owing to the reduced consumption of water and pesticides during productions. The advantages of MMCFs promoted further research on developing more sustainable fibre spinning processes (Schuster et al. 2004; Eichinger 2012). One emerging technology developed in recent years is the Ioncell process, which is currently in its pilot scale phase. In this process, fibres are spun from dissolving pulp-ionic liquid dope using the dry-jet wet spinning process. The Ioncell process is a Lyocell type process, but uses a thermally more stable solvent (Michud et al. 2014; Hummel et al. 2015; Sixta et al. 2015; Ma 2018).
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Cellulose
Most of the commercial MMCFs exhibit cellulose II structure after dissolution or mercerization
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