New miniaturized clean-up procedure for hair samples by means of microextraction by packed sorbent: determination of coc
- PDF / 981,793 Bytes
- 14 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 65 Downloads / 188 Views
RESEARCH PAPER
New miniaturized clean-up procedure for hair samples by means of microextraction by packed sorbent: determination of cocaine and metabolites Tiago Rosado 1,2,3 & Eugenia Gallardo 1,2 & Duarte N. Vieira 4 & Mário Barroso 5 Received: 5 July 2020 / Revised: 20 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Cocaine is still one of the most commonly used illicit substances worldwide, with an estimated 4 million users in Europe in the last year. Hair samples have been widely used for the determination of episodic or repeated consumption of this substance, but the use of miniaturized techniques for hair sample clean-up has been challenging due to the sample complexity. Despite hair’s complex matrix, MEPS provides a method that is fast, reduces the volume of extraction solvents used, and offers low-cost options (since extraction beds may be reused several times). Microextraction by packed sorbent using a mixed-mode sorbent was optimized for hair sample clean-up in order to determine cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, norcocaine, cocaethylene and anhydroecgonine methyl ester by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The method was fully validated according to internationally accepted criteria, presenting good linearity between the limits of quantification (0.01–0.15) and 5 ng/mg. Precision and accuracy resulted in coefficients of variation typically lower than 15%, with mean relative errors within ±15% for all compounds, except for the limit of quantification (±20%). The present work describes the first application of microextraction by packed sorbent for the concentration of cocaine and metabolites extracted from hair samples.
Keywords Microextraction by packed sorbent . Cocaine and metabolites . Hair testing
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02929-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Eugenia Gallardo [email protected] 1
Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-556 Covilhã, Portugal
2
Pharmaco-Toxicology Laboratory-UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
3
C4 - Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
4
Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
5
Laboratory of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, South Branch, Rua Manuel Bento de Sousa, 3, 1169-201 Lisbon, Portugal
According to the latest report of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction [1], the cocaine (COC) market represents the second largest illicit drug market in Europe, with an estimated 4 million having used cocaine within the last year. Although COC in the form of hydrochloride has been around for decades, common
Data Loading...
